The Five Point Check© for targeted selective treatment of internal parasites in small ruminants
The Five Point Check© for targeted selective treatment of internal parasites in small ruminants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.09.009
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发表时间：
2009-10-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
van Wyk, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bath, G. F.;van Wyk, J. A.
尽管靶向选择性治疗（TST）的原则已被公认为降低驱虫药耐药性（AR）发生速度的一种有价值的工具，也是可持续和全面的寄生虫综合管理（shIPM）的一个关键部分，但迄今为止开发的唯一实用和经过验证的农场方法是FAMACHA（c）临床贫血评估系统。这是其性质限制使用的少数吸血寄生虫，引起贫血，特别是血矛线虫捻转。TST的原理可以扩展用于对抗其他重要的内部寄生虫，前提是所开发的系统是实用的、经济的并且能够合理地识别处于被当前内部或外部寄生虫挑战压倒的风险中的动物。扩展TST系统的候选项包括鼻涕（针对鼻机器人）、因贫血而导致的眼粘膜苍白（针对吸血蠕虫）、下颌下水肿或瓶状颌骨（针对吸血蠕虫和锥形吸虫）、身体状况评分（针对导致病情恶化的蠕虫）和粪便污染或dag评分（针对导致腹泻的蠕虫）。列出并讨论了这些快速破碎侧检查的潜在用途和局限性，并总结了支持其实施的数据。已经制定了一个实用的、对农民友好的指南，使用户能够：（一）迅速评估小反刍动物的寄生虫迹象，（二）进行有效的评估，（三）确定可能的寄生虫，（四）选择可以使用的驱虫药组，（五）使用实用的系统暂时识别治疗的动物，（六）了解系统的局限性。该系统被命名为五点检查（c）（5.root（c）），用于国际多语言使用，并构成了TST的进一步实用扩展。这可以为shIPM做出有益的贡献。(c)2009 Elsevier B.V.保留所有战斗。
Although the principle of targeted selective treatment (TST) has become accepted as a valuable tool in reducing the speed of onset of anthelmintic resistance (AR) and a key part of sustainable and holistic integrated parasite management (shIPM), the only practical and proven on-farm method developed to date has been the FAMACHA (c) system of clinical anaemia evaluation. This is by its nature limited to use in the few haematophagous parasites that cause anaemia, especially Haemonchus contortus. The principle of TST can be extended for use against other important internal parasites, provided that the system developed is practical, economical and reasonably able to identify animals at risk of being overwhelmed by current internal or external parasite challenge. Candidates for an extended TST system have included nasal discharge (for nasal bots), paling of ocular mucous membranes for anaemia (for haematophagous worms), submandibular oedema or bottle jaw (for haematophagous worms and conical fluke), body condition score (for worms causing loss of condition) and faecal fouling or dag score (for worms causing diarrhoea). The potential uses and limitations of each of these quick, crush-side checks are listed and discussed and data supporting their implementation is summarised. A practical, farmer-friendly guide has been developed to enable users to: (i) evaluate small ruminants rapidly for signs of parasitism, (ii) make effective assessments, (iii) identify the likely parasites, (iv) select anthelmintic groups that could be used, (v) use practical systems for temporarily identifying treated animals and (vi) know the limitations of the system. This system has been named the Five Point Check (c) (5.root (c)) for international, multilingual use and constitutes a further, practical extension of TST. This can make a useful contribution to shIPM. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All Fights reserved.