An example based environment for beginning programmers
An example based environment for beginning programmers
复制标题
适合初级程序员的基于示例的环境
DOI：
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Lieberman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Lieberman
为初级程序员创建一个良好的编程环境是一项可以利用机器学习和人类学习之间强大联系的事业。应用我们对教与学的了解来改善编程环境可以使初学者更容易地获得编程技能。令人惊讶的是，一个普遍接受的教与学的原则在设计编程环境时没有得到足够的重视-通过示例学习。一个好的老师会提出如何解决问题的例子，并指出例子的重要性。学生从例子中归纳出学习原理和技术的方法。本文介绍了一个名为Tinker的编程环境，在这个环境中，一个初学者向机器提交示例，区分示例的偶然性和本质性。程序员演示如何处理具体的例子，而机器则制定一个处理一般情况的程序。因为人们更善于思考具体的例子，而不是抽象的东西，因为例子提供了即时的反馈，所以Tinker比传统的编程系统更适合初学者。
Making a good programming environment for beginning programmers is an enterprise which can exploit the strong connections between machine learning and human learning. Applying what we know about teaching and learning to improve the programming environment can result in a system which allows beginners to more readily acquire programming skills.Surprisingly, a universally accepted principle of good teaching and good learning has not been taken seriously enough in designing programming environments-learning by example. A good teacher presents examples of how to solve problems, and points out what is important about the examples. The student generalizes from the examples to learn principles and techniques. This paper describes a programming environment called Tinker, in which a beginning programmer presents examples to the machine, distinguishing accidental and essential aspects of the examples. The programmer demonstrates how to handle the specific examples, and the machine formulates a procedure for handling the general case. Because people are much better at thinking about concrete examples than they are at thinking about abstractions, and because examples provide immediate feedback, Tinker is a more congenial environment for a beginner than conventional programming systems.