Emotional learning, hedonic change, and the startle probe.
Emotional learning, hedonic change, and the startle probe.
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情感学习、享乐变化和惊吓探针。
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.102.3.453
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Lang,PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamm,AO;Greenwald,MK;Bradley,MM;Lang,PJ
在人类受试者中进行了厌恶学习的多反应分析。对于每个受试者，两个图片刺激，一个与电击配对。训练后，在震惊的图片的背景下引起的听觉惊吓眨眼反射的幅度显着增加，是显着larer比在nonshocked刺激引起的反射。五个不同的图片内容进行了测试，在不同的组：反射增强被评为愉快的图片比图片评为不愉快。条件反应也明显的皮肤电导，心率和情感判断。不同的系统反映了获得性恐惧反应的不同方面：电导变化与觉醒一致，惊吓探测幅度与情感效价（快乐）不同。阐明了这些数据的神经生理学意义，并在动物和人类受试者发现之间绘制了相似之处。
A multiple-response analysis of aversive learning was conducted in human subjects. For each subject, two pictorial stimuli were presented—one paired with electric shock. After training, the magnitude of the acoustic startle eyeblink reflex elicited in the context of the shocked picture increased dramatically and was significantly larer than for reflexes elicited during the nonshocked stimulus. Five different picture contents were tested in separate groups: Reflex potentiation was larger for pictures rated as pleasant than pictures rated as unpleasant. Conditioned responses were also evident for skin conductance, heart rate, and affective judgments. Different systems reflected different aspects of the acquired fear response: Conductance change convaried with arousal, and startle probe magnitude varied with affective valence (pleasure). The neurophysiological implications of the data are elucidated, and parallels drawn between animal and human subject findings.