Quantum-like non-separability of concept combinations, emergent associates and abduction
Quantum-like non-separability of concept combinations, emergent associates and abduction
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DOI：
10.1093/jigpal/jzq049
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发表时间：
2012-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Bruza;Kirsty Kitto;Brentyn J. Ramm;Laurianne Sitbon;D. Song;Simon P. Blomberg
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Bruza;Kirsty Kitto;Brentyn J. Ramm;Laurianne Sitbon;D. Song;Simon P. Blomberg
考虑一下“宠物人”的概念组合。在单词联想实验中，人类受试者产生与这种组合有关的联想“奴隶”。这种联想的显著之处在于，它不是作为“宠物”或“人类”的孤立联想而产生的。换句话说，关联的“奴隶”似乎是涌现的。这种涌现的联想有时具有创造性的特征，而认知科学在很大程度上对我们如何产生它们保持沉默。从人类概念空间的维度模型出发，本文将探讨概念组合，并将认为，新兴协会是概念空间内的溯因推理的结果，也就是说，低于认知的符号水平。一个基于张量的方法是用来建模的概念组合，允许这样的组合被形式化为相互作用的量子系统。自由联想规范数据用于激发概念空间的潜在基础。通过类比可以看出，某些概念组合可能表现得像量子纠缠（不可分离）粒子。提出了两种分析方法，用于实证验证人类认知中不可分离概念组合的存在。一种方法是基于量子理论，另一种方法是基于比较联合（真正的理论）概率分布与另一个分布的基础上，使用卡方拟合优度检验的可分性假设。虽然这些方法是不确定的双模糊概念组合的实证研究，这些方法的进一步完善的途径。
Consider the concept combination ‘pet human’. In word association experiments, human subjects produce the associate ‘slave’ in relation to this combination. The striking aspect of this associate is that it is not produced as an associate of ‘pet’, or ‘human’ in isolation. In other words, the associate ‘slave’ seems to be emergent. Such emergent associations sometimes have a creative character and cognitive science is largely silent about how we produce them. Departing from a dimensional model of human conceptual space, this article will explore concept combinations, and will argue that emergent associations are a result of abductive reasoning within conceptual space, that is, below the symbolic level of cognition. A tensor-based approach is used to model concept combinations allowing such combinations to be formalized as interacting quantum systems. Free association norm data is used to motivate the underlying basis of the conceptual space. It is shown by analogy how some concept combinations may behave like quantum-entangled (non-separable) particles. Two methods of analysis were presented for empirically validating the presence of non-separable concept combinations in human cognition. One method is based on quantum theory and another based on comparing a joint (true theoretic) probability distribution with another distribution based on a separability assumption using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Although these methods were inconclusive in relation to an empirical study of bi-ambiguous concept combinations, avenues for further refinement of these methods are identified.