Outbreak of tetanus cases following the tsunami in Aceh Province, Indonesia.
Outbreak of tetanus cases following the tsunami in Aceh Province, Indonesia.
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DOI：
10.1080/17441690600652803
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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印度尼西亚亚齐省是受2004年12月26日海啸影响最严重的地区。大量生命、财产和生计的损失使很大一部分人口没有基本需求，容易感染易患疟疾的疾病。海啸发生后，实施了监测/预警和应对系统，以发现、调查和应对传染病的爆发。在所有受影响地区开展业务的固定和移动的诊所、医院和实验室每周报告数据，每天发出警报。海啸发生后一个多月，据报有106例临床诊断为破伤风的病例。大多数病例发生在成年人中。病死率为18.9%，在老年患者和潜伏期短的患者中较高。在紧急情况的急性阶段没有发生其他重大疫情。这一系列破伤风病例是自然灾害或大规模伤亡事件后报告的最大的一组病例，仅次于最近在克什米尔发生的地震（报告了139例），反映了海啸期间受伤人数多和人口先前免疫状况差。在发生自然灾害的情况下，应定期采取预防破伤风的措施，包括清洗伤口以及主动和被动免疫接种。立即救灾应包括提供治疗伤口和破伤风病例的用品。
Aceh Province in Indonesia was the area most severely affected by the tsunami of 26 December 2004. Extensive loss of life, property, and livelihood left a large segment of the population without basic needs and vulnerable to epidemic-prone diseases. Following the tsunami, a surveillance/early warning and response system was implemented to detect, investigate, and respond to outbreaks of communicable diseases. Fixed and mobile clinics, hospitals, and laboratories, operating all over the affected areas, reported weekly figures and daily alerts. Over 1 month following the tsunami, 106 cases of clinically diagnosed tetanus were reported. Most cases occurred among adults. The case fatality ratio was 18.9%, higher among older patients and among those with short incubation periods. No other major outbreaks occurred in the acute phase of the emergency. This series of tetanus cases was the largest cluster reported following a natural disaster or mass casualty event, overtaken only by the recent earthquake in the Kashmir (139 cases reported), and reflects the high number of injuries which occurred during the tsunami and poor prior immunization status of the population. In the context of natural disasters, preventive measures against tetanus, including wound cleaning and active and passive immunization, should be routinely conducted. Immediate disaster relief should include supplies for the management of wounds and cases of tetanus.