Role of exogenous female hormones in altering the risk of benign and malignant neoplasms in humans.
Role of exogenous female hormones in altering the risk of benign and malignant neoplasms in humans.
复制标题
外源性女性激素在改变人类良性和恶性肿瘤风险中的作用。
作者：
D. Thomas
各种形式的外源性雌激素改变女性生殖系统、乳房和肝脏肿瘤风险的流行病学和临床证据进行了回顾和评估。几乎可以肯定的是，子宫内暴露于己烯雌酚可导致阴道和子宫颈的透明细胞腺癌。有强有力的证据表明，用于治疗更年期症状的各种雌激素可导致子宫内膜癌，连续口服避孕药可能也会导致子宫内膜癌。口服避孕药很可能降低患囊性疾病和乳腺纤维腺瘤的风险，并增加患肝细胞腺瘤的风险。迄今为止的研究没有提供一致和令人信服的证据，证明任何形式的外源性雌激素会改变乳腺癌或卵巢癌的风险，或口服避孕药会改变宫颈瘤变或肝脏局灶性结节增生的风险，尽管最近的报告表明有必要继续保持警惕。提出了需要进一步流行病学调查的具体主题。
The epidemiological and clinical evidence for various forms of exogenous estrogens altering the risk of neoplasms of the female genital system, breast, and liver are reviewed and evaluated. It is virtually certain that in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol can cause clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina and cervix. There is strong evidence that various estrogens given for treatment of menopausal symptoms can cause endometrial carcinoma and that sequential oral contraceptives probably also do so. Oral contraceptives very probably reduce the risk of both cystic disease and fibroadenoma of the breast and increase the risk of liver cell adenomas. Studies to date do not provide consistent and convincing evidence that any form of exogenous estrogen alters the risk of cancers of the breast or ovary or that oral contraceptives alter the risk of cervical neoplasia or focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver, although recent reports suggest that continued vigilance is warranted. Specific topics requiring further epidemiological investigation are suggested.