Structural basis of HIV-1 resistance to AZT by excision.

Structural basis of HIV-1 resistance to AZT by excision.
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DOI:
10.1038/nsmb.1908
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发表时间:
2010-10
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)对3‘-叠氮-2’,3‘-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(AZT,齐多夫定)的抗性是通过获得逆转录酶突变来实现的。切除反应发生在dNTP结合部位,使用ATP作为焦磷酸供体,解锁引物末端,并允许逆转录酶继续合成病毒DNA。切除产物为AZT腺苷四核苷酸(AZTppppA)。我们测定了5种晶体结构:野生型逆转录酶-双链DNA(RT-dsDNA)-AZTppA;抗AZT(AZTr;M41L D67N K70R T215Y K219Q)RT-dsDNA-AZTppA;AZTr RT-dsDNA在dNTP和引物结合位点终止于AZT;以及AZTr apo逆转录酶。AZTppA的AMP部分与野生型和AZTr逆转录酶的结合方式不同,而AZT的三磷酸部分与这两种酶的结合方式相似。因此,耐药突变创建了一个高亲和力的ATP结合位点。该位点的结构为设计AZT-单磷酸切除的抑制剂提供了机会。
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) develops resistance to 3′-azido-2′,3′-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine) by acquiring mutations in reverse transcriptase that enhance the ATP-mediated excision of AZT monophosphate from the 3′ end of the primer. The excision reaction occurs at the dNTP-binding site, uses ATP as a pyrophosphate donor, unblocks the primer terminus and allows reverse transcriptase to continue viral DNA synthesis. The excision product is AZT adenosine dinucleoside tetraphosphate (AZTppppA). We determined five crystal structures: wild-type reverse transcriptase–double-stranded DNA (RT–dsDNA)–AZTppppA; AZT-resistant (AZTr; M41L D67N K70R T215Y K219Q) RT–dsDNA–AZTppppA; AZTr RT–dsDNA terminated with AZT at dNTP- and primer-binding sites; and AZTr apo reverse transcriptase. The AMP part of AZTppppA bound differently to wild-type and AZTr reverse transcriptases, whereas the AZT triphosphate part bound the two enzymes similarly. Thus, the resistance mutations create a high-affinity ATP-binding site. The structure of the site provides an opportunity to design inhibitors of AZT-monophosphate excision.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.13.6320
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