Recreational vessels as a vector for marine non-natives: developing biosecurity measures and managing risk through an in-water encapsulation system
Recreational vessels as a vector for marine non-natives: developing biosecurity measures and managing risk through an in-water encapsulation system
复制标题
休闲船作为海洋非本地人的载体：制定生物安全措施并通过水下封装系统管理风险
作者：
R. Roche;J. Monnington;R. G. Newstead;Katie Sambrook;K. Griffith;R. Holt;Stuart R. Jenkins
人们越来越认识到非本地人对生物多样性和海洋生态系统功能的威胁，随之而来的是寻求新型管理解决方案的挑战。娱乐船只的船体污垢是一种重要的非本地病媒，特别是在沿海地区，它是传入和二次传播的原因。本研究介绍了一种在水中的船封装系统，旨在限制海洋非本地人的转移，在英国威尔士的海鞘Didemnum vexillum的引进。在这里，我们描述了“净化泊位”，检查了消除D所需的化学浓度。vexillum和审查娱乐船只的生物安保方法。处理化学品的实验室试验表明，乙酸和次氯酸钠在减少D。暴露<30分钟后的vexillum生长。原位试验证实了这两种化学品降低D。在码头浮桥上生长的海桑群落。效率试验发现，在每个抽水周期内，泊位的化学品平均损失相当于417克活性氯。我们的初步测试表明，诸如净化泊位之类的装置可以有效地用于遏制现有海洋非本地物种的传播，并防止未来在海洋运输枢纽引入。
Increasing recognition of non-natives as a threat to biodiversity and the functioning of marine ecosystems has brought with it the challenge of seeking novel management solutions. Hull fouling of recreational vessels is an important non-native vector, particularly in coastal areas where it is responsible for both introduction and secondary spread. This study introduces an in-water boat encapsulation system designed to limit transfer of marine non-natives, developed in response to the introduction of the ascidian Didemnum vexillum in Wales, UK. Here we describe the “decontamination berth”, examine the chemical concentrations required to eliminate D. vexillum and review biosecurity approaches for recreational vessels. Laboratory tests of treatment chemicals showed that acetic acid and sodium hypochlorite were equally effective in reducing D. vexillum growth following exposures of <30 min. In situ trials confirmed the ability of both chemicals to decrease D. vexillum colonies growing on marina pontoons. Efficiency trials found the mean loss of chemical from the berth during each pumping cycle would be equivalent to 417 g of active chlorine. Our preliminary testing indicates that devices such as the decontamination berth may be usefully employed to contain the spread of existing marine non-native species and to prevent future introductions at marine transportation hubs.