Adverbial quantification over events
Adverbial quantification over events
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事件的状语量化
DOI：
10.1007/bf01252883
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Susan Rothstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Susan Rothstein
本文对“每次和他一起吃饭我都后悔了”中的状语量词进行了分析。这类句子表现出我所说的“匹配效应”；如果我和他共进晚餐的时间指称中的每个事件都可以与后悔该晚餐事件的事件相匹配，那么它们就是正确的。因此，它们在真值条件上等价于“As 至少与 B 一样多”形式的句子。对这种形式的句子进行组合解释的困难已经在例如 Boolos 1981 中讨论过。我首先表明匹配效果是语义的而不是实用的。然后，我在新戴维森框架中对这些句子进行分析，将状语解释为事件的量词。在语法上，它们被分析为空介词的宾语。这允许简单的组合语义解释，其中空介词被完全解释为戴维森（1967）的其他介词，即表示从矩阵动词的事件参数到介词宾语的函数。然后匹配效果会自动出现。我将分析扩展到其他直接实例化模式“对于每个 A 都有一个 B”及其等价物的句子，并展示了匹配效果通常如何从主题角色和介词的功能性质中得出。
This paper gives an analysis of the adverbial quantifiers exemplified in “I regretted it every time I had dinner with him.” Sentences of this kind display what I call a ‘matching effect’; they are true if every event in the denotation oftime I had dinner with him can be matched with an event regretting that dinner event. They are thus truth-conditionally equivalent to sentences of the form “There are at least as many As as Bs.” The difficulties of giving a compositional interpretation to sentences of this form have been discussed in, e.g., Boolos 1981. I first show that the matching effect is semantic and not pragmatic. I then give an analysis of these sentences in a neo-Davidsonian framework, interpreting the adverbials as quantifiers over events. Syntactically they are analyzed as objects of a null preposition. This allows a simple compositional semantic interpretation in which the null preposition is interpreted exactly as other prepositions are by Davidson (1967), namely as denoting a function from the event argument of the matrix verb to the prepositional object. The matching effect then follows automatically. I extend the analysis to account for other sentences which directly instantiate the schema “For every A there is a B” and its equivalents, and show how the matching effect follows in general from the functional nature of thematic roles and prepositions.