Kants praktischer Platonismus
Kants praktischer Platonismus
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康德的实践柏拉图主义
DOI：
10.5922/0207-6918-2019-4-1
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Baum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Baum
讨论的中心是柏拉图的哲学，特别是他的理念理论在康德的道德哲学，他的伦理学和他的权利学说中的接受。康德认为自己是柏拉图主义的追随者，因为它的反empiri哲学原则的人类行为的关注，虽然他自己的版本的实践理性主义与柏拉图的有很大不同。康德的自由和人权概念也是如此。对康德道德哲学影响最大的是两个世界的学说，即感觉世界和理智世界，这并不是源于柏拉图本人，而是源于亚历山大的犹太柏拉图主义者斐洛。康德对这一学说进行了重新解释，认为可理解世界是一个由自由的理性主体组成的道德世界，这些理性主体应当按照道德法则的规范和标准改造人类社会和历史的经验世界。这是一个对人类世界进行道德改革的纲领，既涉及个人的道德责任，也涉及建立国际法律的制度秩序的世界政治任务。康德的实践柏拉图主义坚持通过纯粹实践理性引导的人类行为来创造道德世界秩序。
At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiricist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to the doctrine of the two worlds, the mundus sensibilis and the mundus intelligibilis, which did not originate in Plato himself, but in the Jewish Platonist Philo of Alexandria. Kant reinterpreted this doctrine by taking the intelligible world as a moral world consisting of free rational agents who ought to transform the empirical world of human society and history according to the norms and standards of moral laws. This was meant to be a programme for a moral reform of the human world, both with regard to individual morality and to the cosmopolitical task of the establishment of an international order of legal institutions. Kant’s practical Platonism insists on the creation of a moral world order through human actions that take their lead from pure practical reason.