A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration

A Multiscalar Consideration of the Athabascan Migration
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阿萨巴斯卡迁徙的多尺度考虑

DOI:
10.1017/aaq.2020.34
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Catenacci, Senna D.
Catenacci, Senna D.
中科院分区:
人文科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Doering, Briana N.;Esdale, Julie A.;Reuther, Joshua D.;Catenacci, Senna D.

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遗传学和语言学证据表明,在亚北极地区生活了数千年后,北方阿萨巴斯卡人在大约1,000年前开始向美国西南部迁移。人类学家提出,这种部分向外迁移和一些相关的原地行为变化是大规模火山爆发的结果,火山爆发摧毁了区域驯鹿群。然而,区域人口似乎在这些变化的时候增加,人口结构的变化可能导致领土,资源压力和专业化的增加。现有的综合文化动态在该地区,挖掘材料的分析,并从阿拉斯加和育空地区的景观数据的基础上,这项研究表明,阿萨巴斯卡过渡代表了一个逐步转向资源专业化的鲑鱼和驯鹿与整体增加饮食宽度,表明行为的转变,是更符合逐步的人口变化。此外,这种行为转变在大约1150 cal BP的火山爆发时已经开始,并表明该地区的最终迁移是人口压力的结果。总之,这项研究阐述了狩猎采集群体的复原力和适应力的复杂动态,并为解释过去的迁移提供了一个可测试的模型。
Genetic and linguistic evidence suggests that, after living in the Subarctic for thousands of years, Northern Athabascans began migrating to the American Southwest around 1,000 years ago. Anthropologists have proposed that this partial out-migration and several associated in situ behavioral changes were the result of a massive volcanic eruption that decimated regional caribou herds. However, regional populations appear to increase around the time of these changes, a demographic shift that may have led to increased territoriality, resource stress, and specialization. Building on existing syntheses of cultural dynamics in the region, analyses of excavated materials, and landscape data from Alaska and Yukon, this research shows that the Athabascan transition represented a gradual shift toward resource specialization in both salmon and caribou with an overall increase in diet breadth, indicating a behavioral transition that is more consistent with gradual demographic change. Further, this behavioral shift was already in motion at the time of the volcanic eruption circa 1150 cal BP and suggests that the ultimate migration from the area was the result of demographic pressures. In sum, this research elaborates on the complex dynamics of resilience and adaptation in hunter-gatherer groups and provides a testable model for explaining past migrations.
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