Immunity to proactive interference is not a property of the focus of attention in working memory
Immunity to proactive interference is not a property of the focus of attention in working memory
复制标题
不受主动干扰的影响并不是工作记忆中注意力集中的特性
作者：
A. Ralph;Jade N Walters;Alison Stevens;Kirra J Fitzgerald;Gerald Tehan;A. Surprenant;I. Neath;J. Turcotte
关注焦点（FOA）是有限容量存储的最新化身，其中少量的项目（在本例中为四个）被认为是容易访问的，不需要检索。因此，这些想法的一个必然结果是，FOA中的那些项目总是不受主动干扰的影响。虽然有经验支持在涉及四项列表记忆的短期保留任务中对PI免疫的实例，但也有许多实例表明，在四项列表中观察到PI，以及在同一实验中可以显示PI和对PI免疫的实例。与FOA假设相反，另一种基于线索的解释预测了PI的存在和对PI的免疫，这是可用线索与特定测试之间关系的函数。在一个短期线索回忆任务中，三个实验对比了FOA假设和基于线索的方法。在短期线索回忆任务中，PI是通过测试之前的类似项目的呈现是否会干扰对三个列表项目的即时回忆来操纵的。结果表明，即使在很短的列表中，也可以观察到PI和对PI的免疫。在我们的实验中观察到的PI效应与FOA方法不一致，使用线索解释更容易解释。
The Focus of Attention (FOA) is the latest incarnation of a limited capacity store in which a small number of items, in this case four, are deemed to be readily accessible and do not need to be retrieved. Thus a corollary of these ideas is that those items in the FOA are always immune to proactive interference. While there is empirical support for instances of immunity to PI in short-term retention tasks that involve memory for four-item lists, there are also many instances in which PI is observed with four-item lists as well as instances where PI and immunity to PI can be shown in the same experiment. In contrast to the FOA assumptions, an alternative cue-based account predicts both the presence of PI and immunity to PI as a function of the relation between the cues available and the particular test. Three experiments contrasted the FOA assumptions and the cue-based approach in a short-term cued recall task in which PI is manipulated by testing whether the presentation of previous, similar items would interfere with immediate recall of three list items. The results indicated that even with very short lists, both PI and immunity to PI could be observed. The PI effects observed in our experiment are at odds with the FOA approach and are more readily explained using the cueing account.
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.27.3.817
发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
McElree, B
通讯作者：
McElree, B