Phosphorus in rivers - ecology and management
Phosphorus in rivers - ecology and management
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DOI：
10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00937-8
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发表时间：
2002-01-23
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Parr, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mainstone, CP;Parr, W
本文探讨了人为增加的磷负荷对河流生态系统的风险的性质，认为磷富集的关键来源和控制它们的方法，并提供了一个框架，制定控制策略。水生植物群落是健康和多样化的河流生态系统的基础，为各种动物物种提供食物，住所和繁殖栖息地。河流中磷的富集可以通过改变不同水生植物物种（包括高等植物和藻类）之间的竞争平衡来降低植物群落。这对整个生态系统都有影响。为了促进健康的河流植物群落和广泛的动物物种依赖于他们，磷浓度需要降低到尽可能接近背景水平。随着磷浓度接近背景水平，不利影响的风险下降，因此任何增量减少都应被视为营养恢复的积极步骤。实用的管理目标在0.02和0.1毫克1（-1）可溶性活性磷之间变化，这取决于河流类型，对于高度富集的河流，临时目标为0.2毫克1（-1）。以污水处理厂为主的连续点源磷，在整个生长季节对水体中生物可利用磷的水平具有非常重要的影响。重要的是要全面解决点源，以便在一年中的这个关键时期最大限度地减少磷浓度。磷的扩散来源，特别是来自农业的磷，是河流沉积物中磷含量的主要贡献者，它可以被底栖藻类和生根植物利用。这种磷也可以通过各种过程释放到水柱中。随着点源得到控制，来自扩散源的相对贡献变得越来越重要。在大多数情况下，将需要一项综合控制方案，包括对点源和扩散源采取积极行动，以使水柱和沉积物中的磷含量降至接近本底水平。(C)2002爱思唯尔科技有限公司。保留所有权利。
This paper examines the nature of the risk to riverine ecosystems from artificially enhanced loads of phosphorus, considers the key sources of phosphorus enrichment and ways of controlling them, and provides a framework for developing control strategies. The aquatic plant community is the foundation for a healthy and diverse riverine ecosystem, providing food, shelter and breeding habitats for a wide range of animal species. Phosphorus enrichment in rivers can degrade the plant community by altering the competitive balance between different aquatic plant species, including both higher plants and algae. This has consequences for the whole ecosystem. To promote healthy riverine plant communities and the wide range of animal species dependent on them, phosphorus concentrations need to be reduced to as near to background levels as possible. The risk of adverse effects declines as phosphorus concentrations approach background levels, such that any incremental reduction should be seen as a positive step towards trophic restoration. Pragmatic management targets vary between 0.02 and 0.1 mg 1(-1) soluble reactive phosphorus, depending on river type, with an interim target of 0.2 mg 1(-1) for heavily enriched rivers. Continuous point sources of phosphorus, dominated by sewage treatment works, have a highly important influence on levels of bioavailable phosphorus in the water column through the growing season. It is important to tackle point sources comprehensively so that reductions in phosphorus concentrations are maximised during this critical time of year. Diffuse sources of phosphorus, particularly from agriculture, are a major contributor to phosphorus levels in riverine sediments, where it can be utilised by benthic algae and rooted plants. This phosphorus can also be released into the water column by a variety of processes. As point sources are brought under control, the relative contribution from diffuse sources becomes increasingly important. An integrated programme of control, involving proactive action on both point and diffuse sources, will be required in most circumstances to bring phosphorus levels in the water column and sediment down to near background levels. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.