Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh
Renewable Energy for Sustainable Growth and Development: An Evaluation of Law and Policy of Bangladesh
复制标题
可再生能源促进可持续增长和发展：孟加拉国法律和政策评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
M. N. Muhtazaruddin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Karim;Ridoan Karim;Md. Toriqul Islam;F. Muhammad;N. Bani;M. N. Muhtazaruddin
孟加拉国在过去20多年里以每年6%以上的国内生产总值（GDP）持续增长，近年来在其他社会经济指标方面取得了令人印象深刻的成就，并得到了各种全球权威机构的认可。私营部门压倒性的经济风险的程度，加上政府的承诺，清楚地表明该国从一个主要以农业为基础的经济转变为一个受制造业和服务部门影响的经济。孟加拉国幸运地拥有规模有限的化石燃料储备，尽管这些储备不足以在私营和公共部门开展正在进行的大规模开发活动。因此，以负担得起的价格持续和不间断地供应能源仍然是历届政府严重关切的问题。因此，持续能源供应问题已成为国家发展议程的重要组成部分。此外，该国是全球变暖和气候变化破坏性影响最严重的受害国之一。由于孟加拉国在地理上位于世界地图上的有利位置，拥有大量可再生能源（RES），政策制定者开始采取措施，利用这些资源来满足该国的能源需求。既有前景，也有行政、法律的、技术、社会文化和环境方面的挑战。为了应对这些挑战，需要采取全面的政策举措。有大量的技术和科学研究，其中包括研究结果和建议。本文，这是基于采用定性研究方法的内容，二次来源进行了分析，是一个初步的尝试，突出孟加拉国的可再生能源发展，随后，评估相关的法律的和政策举措，在国际最佳做法。我们提出了一些建议，利益攸关方可以考虑有效利用可再生能源，以实现孟加拉国的包容性，公平和可持续发展。除其他外，这些措施包括：（1）加强政府参与，引领可再生能源发展;（2）确保可再生能源技术国产化;（3）通过可再生能源降低发电费用，并提供初始投资援助;（4）为孟加拉国可再生能源产业的发展引入全面的法律的和监管政策;（5）进行有效的公众宣传。
Bangladesh’s constant growth with an annual 6% plus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for more than the last two decades and achievements in other socio-economic metrics in recent times is impressive and recognized by various global authoritative bodies. The extent of overwhelming economic ventures in the private sector coupled with the commitments of the government clearly demonstrates the transformation of the country from a primarily agro-based economy to one influenced by the manufacturing and service sectors. Bangladesh is fortunate to have fossil fuel reserves on a limited scale, though these are not enough to run the ongoing massive scale development activities, both in private and public sectors. Thus, the constant and uninterrupted supply of energy at an affordable price remains a serious concern for the successive governments. Therefore, this issue of supply of constant energy has turned to be an important part in the national development agenda. Besides, the country is one of the worst victim nations of the devastating effects of global warming and climate change. As Bangladesh is geographically located in a favorable place in the world map with the availability of plenty of renewable energy sources (RES), the policymakers started to take initiatives leading to exploiting these sources to meet the energy demand of the country. There are both prospects and administrative, legal, technological, socio-cultural and environmental challenges. To address these challenges, it requires comprehensive policy initiatives. A good number of technical and scientific research containing findings and recommendations are available. This paper, which is based on adopting a qualitative research methodology where the contents of secondary sources were analyzed, is an initial attempt to highlight the renewable energy developments in Bangladesh, and subsequently, to evaluate the relevant legal and policy initiatives in the light of international best practices. We advance several recommendations that the stakeholders can consider exploiting RES effectively to attain inclusive, equitable and sustainable development in Bangladesh. These include, inter alia: (1) Enhancing government participation to lead the development of renewable energy (RE); (2) ensuring localization of RE technology; (3) reducing the expenses of energy generation through RES and providing assistance in initial investments; (4) introducing comprehensive legal and regulatory policy for the development of RE industry in Bangladesh; and (5) conducting effective public awareness.