Greenhouse Horticulture in the 21st Century; Can We Stay Competitive
Greenhouse Horticulture in the 21st Century; Can We Stay Competitive
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21世纪的温室园艺；
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
O. Kooten
中科院分区：
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作者：
O. Kooten
温室园艺是一种集约化生产体系，与露天农业相比，单位产出的资源投入相对较低。在水和化学资源日益减少的同时，它是本世纪大量出现的大型城市集团的一种重要生产手段。然而，必须将这些生产系统与贸易商、物流供应商和零售商组成的联盟联系起来，以便根据消费者的期望提供服务，从而获得竞争优势。它将表明，价格竞争，伴随着质量的下降，导致市场的缩小和价格和质量下降的粘性循环。虽然高度强调质量将扩大市场，只要最终产品在到达消费者手中时保持清晰和可辨别的质量，价格就会上涨。通过对成批产品的质量发展进行纵向研究，可以将确定性模型与随机模型结合起来，从而预测整个生产和供应链的质量演变。将给出这种技术的几个例子，并将显示供应链中的垂直透明度可以增加所有参与者的利润，同时保持整个链在快速发展的市场中的竞争力。通过将预测质量信息与适当的物流技术相结合，即我们所说的“质量控制物流”，可以通过在最佳成熟的时刻为消费者在货架上定位来优化单独批次的质量。我们需要的是一种新的无损测量技术，它可以在收获期间甚至之前确定批次的质量特征，并结合基于生理学的模型来预测从收获时间开始的质量演变。目前已经开发了几种模型，并给出了应用实例
Greenhouse horticulture is an intensive production system with a relatively low resource input per unit of output compared to open field agriculture. It is an essential means of production for large urban conglomerates that are abounding in the present century, while water and chemical resources are dwindling. It is however essential to link these production systems to a consortium of traders, logistic providers and retailers in order to obtain a competitive edge by delivering according to the con-sumers expectations. It will be shown that competition on price, with a concomitant decrease in quality, results in a diminishing market and a viscous circle of declining price and quality. While a strong emphasis on quality will enhance the market and prices will rise as long as a clear and discernable quality of the final product, as it reaches the consumer, is maintained. By doing longitudinal studies of quality development in batches of products it becomes possible to combine deterministic with stochastic models capable of predicting quality evolution throughout the entire production and supply chain. Several examples will be given of this technique and it will be shown that vertical transparency in the supply chain can augment the profit for all participants, while keeping the entire chain competitive in a fast evolving market. By combining predictive quality information with the proper logistic technol-ogy, what we call ‘Quality Controlled Logistics’, it becomes possible to optimize the quality of the separate batches by positioning them in the shelves for the consumers at the moment of optimal maturity. What is necessary are new non-destructive measuring techniques that can determine batch quality characteristics at the period of harvest, or even before that, combined with physiology based models to predict quality evolution from harvest time on. Several models have been developed up till now and examples of their application will be given