Neighborhood effects on health: Exploring the links and assessing the evidence
Neighborhood effects on health: Exploring the links and assessing the evidence
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DOI：
10.1111/0735-2166.00096
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dillman, KN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellen, IG;Mijanovich, T;Dillman, KN
本文探讨了可能的因果途径，通过社区可能会影响健康，然后审查现有的证据。虽然方法论问题使文献不确定，作者提供了一个临时假设，如何邻里形状的健康结果。他们假设，社区可能主要通过两种方式影响健康：第一，通过对行为、态度和卫生保健利用的相对短期的影响，从而影响对这种影响最直接反应的健康状况;第二，通过长期的“风化”过程，即累积的压力、较低的环境质量和贫穷社区的有限资源，多年来，人们经历了许多疾病，这些疾病侵蚀了居民的健康，使他们更容易因任何特定疾病而死亡。最后，借鉴更广泛的研究，已经做了探索社区对教育和就业的影响，作者提出了未来研究的几个方向。
This article explores the possible causal pathways through which neighborhoods might affect health and then reviews the existing evidence. Although methodological issues make the literature inconclusive, the authors offer a provisional hypothesis for how neighborhoods shape health outcomes. They hypothesize that neighborhoods may primarily influence health in two ways: first, through relatively short-term influences on behaviors, attitudes, and health-care utilization, thereby affecting health conditions that are most immediately responsive to such influences; and second through a longer-term process of "weathering," whereby the accumulated stress, lower environmental quality, and limited resources of poorer communities, experienced over many years, erodes the health of residents in ways that make them more vulnerable to mortality from any given disease. Finally, drawing on the more extensive research that has been done exploring the effects of neighborhoods on education and employment, the authors suggest several directions for future research.