Lack of trophic release with large mammal predators and prey in Borneo
Lack of trophic release with large mammal predators and prey in Borneo
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2013.01.003
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Giordano, Anthony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brodie, Jedediah F.;Giordano, Anthony
当人类减少岛屿系统中顶级食肉动物的丰度时，食草动物的数量可能会增加，从而对社区产生连锁影响。但这种“营养释放”效应在非岛屿生态系统中的普遍程度仍然鲜为人知，特别是在热带生态系统中。我们评估了马来西亚婆罗洲七个雨林研究区域中食肉动物丰度较低的地区是否与食草动物丰度较高相关。我们部署了 134 个相机陷阱站，并使用多物种占用模型分析了 16,608 个陷阱日的摄影检测结果，该模型在考虑不完美的可检测性的同时估计丰度。估计当地顶级哺乳动物捕食者巽他云豹 (Neofelis diardi) 的数量在每个摄像头位置的数量从 0.0 到 3.5 只不等。云豹的丰度与我们分析的四种猎物物种的丰度均不呈负相关。相反，云豹很少或没有的地方，猪尾猕猴（Macaca nemestrina）的估计数量也最低。麂（Muntiacus spp.）和鼷鹿（Tragulus spp.）的估计丰度与估计的云豹丰度在统计上无关。胡须猪（Sus barbatus）的丰度同样不受捕食者丰度的影响，但当云豹常见时，猪似乎生活在更大的群体中，可能是为了更好地保护它们的幼崽。我们没有发现营养物质释放的证据，这是该生态系统其他地区的一个重要的保护威胁，特别是相对于农业转变、栖息地退化和不可持续的野生动物开发的巨大影响。 (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
When humans reduce top carnivore abundance in insular systems, herbivore populations may increase, with cascading impacts on the community. But the prevalence of such "trophic release" effects in non-insular ecosystems remains little known, particularly in tropical ecosystems. We assessed whether areas with low top carnivore abundance were associated with greater abundance of herbivores across seven rainforest study areas in Malaysian Borneo. We deployed 134 camera-trap stations and analyzed the resulting photographic detections from 16,608 trap-days using multi-species occupancy models that estimate abundance while accounting for imperfect detectability. Estimated local abundance of Sunda clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi), the apex mammalian predator, varied from 0.0 to 3.5 individuals per camera location. Clouded leopard abundance was not negatively correlated with the abundance of any of the four prey species that we analyzed. Rather, sites with few or no clouded leopards also had the lowest estimated abundance of pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Estimated abundance of muntjac (Muntiacus spp.) and mousedeer (Tragulus spp.) was statistically unrelated to estimated clouded leopard abundance. Bearded pig (Sus barbatus) abundance was likewise unaffected by predator abundance, but pigs appear to live in larger groups when clouded leopards are common, possibly to better defend their young. We found no evidence of trophic release, an important conservation threat in other areas, in this ecosystem, particularly relative to the massive impacts of agricultural conversion, habitat degradation, and unsustainable wildlife exploitation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.