Effect of urban soil compaction on infiltration rate
Effect of urban soil compaction on infiltration rate
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2006-05
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Gregory;M. Dukes;Pierce H. Jones;G. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Gregory;M. Dukes;Pierce H. Jones;G. Miller
摘要：在城市地段规模的无意土壤压实是一个过程，降低渗透率，这可能会导致增加雨水径流。这一点在低影响发展战略中尤为重要，因为在这些战略中，雨水旨在渗透而不是通过传统的雨水网络流入滞洪区。在佛罗里达中北部的桑迪土壤上，压实对入渗速率的影响进行了测量，用双环入渗仪在城市建筑工地和不同的压实水平。天然林的平均非压实渗透率为377至634 mm hr−1（14.8至25.0 in hr−1），人工林为637至652 mm hr−1（25.1至25.7 in hr−1），牧场为225 mm hr−1（8.9 in hr−1）。同一地点压实土壤的平均渗透率分别为8.175 mm hr−1（0.3-6.9 in hr−1）、160 - 188 mm hr−1（6.3 - 7.4 in hr−1）和23 mm hr−1（0.9 in hr−1）。虽然有很大的变化，渗透率在压实和非压实的网站，施工活动或压实处理降低渗透率70%至99%。最大压实度用锥形比重计测量，发生在20至30厘米（7.9至11.8英寸）的深度范围内。在研究轻型和重型施工设备造成的不同压实程度的影响时，设备有多重并不重要，重要的是是否发生压实。压实土壤的渗透率通常远低于该地区使用的百年一遇、24小时一遇暴雨的设计暴雨渗透率254 mm hr−1（10.0英寸hr−1）。这意味着，该地区的建设活动增加了径流的潜力和大型雨水输送网络的需要，不仅是由于与发展相关的不透水面积的增加，而且还因为压实的透水面积有效地接近不透水表面的渗透行为。
ABSTRACT: Inadvertent soil compaction at the urban lot scale is a process that reduces infiltration rates, which can lead to increased stormwater runoff. This is particularly important in low impact development strategies where stormwater is intended to infiltrate rather than flow through a traditional stormwater network to a detention basin. The effect of compaction on infiltration rates on sandy soils in North Central Florida was measured with a double ring infiltrometer on urban construction sites and across various levels of compaction. Average non-compacted infiltration rates ranged from 377 to 634 mm hr−1 (14.8 to 25.0 in hr−1) for natural forest, from 637 to 652 mm hr−1 (25.1 to 25.7 in hr−1) for planted forest, and 225 mm hr−1 (8.9 in hr−1) for pasture sites. Average infiltration rates on compacted soils ranged 8.175 mm hr−1 (0.3-6.9 in hr−1), 160 to 188 mm hr−1 (6.3 to 7.4 in hr−1), and 23 mm hr−1 (0.9 in hr−1) for the same respective sites. Although there was wide variability in infiltration rates across both compacted and non-compacted sites, construction activity or compaction treatments reduced infiltration rates 70 to 99 percent. Maximum compaction as measured with a cone penetrometer occurred in the 20 to 30 cm (7.9 to 11.8 in) depth range. When studying the effect of different levels of compaction due to light and heavy construction equipment, it was not as important how heavy the equipment was but whether compaction occurred at all. Infiltration rates on compacted soils were generally much lower than the design storm infiltration rate of 254 mm hr−1 (10.0 inches hr−1) for the 100-yr, 24-hr storm used in the region. This implies that construction activity in this region increases the potential for runoff and the need for large stormwater conveyance networks not only due to the increase in impervious area associated with development but also because the compacted pervious area effectively approaches the infiltration behavior of an impervious surface.