Effort discounting in human nucleus accumbens.
Effort discounting in human nucleus accumbens.
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DOI：
10.3758/cabn.9.1.16
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发表时间：
2009-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McGuire JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Botvinick MM;Huffstetler S;McGuire JT
大量的行为学和经济学研究表明，报酬的价值与获得报酬所需的努力程度成反比，这一原理被称为努力贴现。在当前的报告中，我们提出了第一个直接证据，证明了努力贴现的神经类比。功能磁共振成像被用来测量人类伏隔核对金钱奖励的神经反应，这是一种先前证明编码参考依赖的奖励信息的结构。伏隔核激活的幅度不仅随着奖励结果的不同而不同，而且还与获得个人奖励所需的精神努力程度有关。对于固定水平的奖励，伏隔核在高努力需求下的激活强度低于在低努力需求下的激活强度。这种效应的大小被注意到与背侧前扣带回皮质的先前激活有关，该区域被认为是监控信息处理需求并调节努力的主观体验的区域。
A great deal of behavioral and economic research suggests that the value attached to a reward stands in inverse relation to the amount of effort required to obtain it, a principle known as effort discounting. In the current report, we present the first direct evidence for a neural analogue of effort discounting. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure neural responses to monetary rewards in the human nucleus accumbens, a structure previously demonstrated to encode reference-dependent reward information. The magnitude of accumbens activation was found to vary with reward outcome, but also with the degree of mental effort demanded to obtain individual rewards. For a fixed level of reward, accumbens was less strongly activated following a high demand for effort than following a lower demand. The magnitude of this effect was noted to correlate with preceding activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, a region that has been proposed to monitor information-processing demands and to mediate in the subjective experience of effort.