A Common Histone Modification Code on C4 Genes in Maize and Its Conservation in Sorghum and Setaria italica1[W][OA]
A Common Histone Modification Code on C4 Genes in Maize and Its Conservation in Sorghum and Setaria italica1[W][OA]
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.113.216721
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发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Peterhansel, Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heimann, Louisa;Horst, Ina;Peterhansel, Christoph
C4光合作用在不同的植物谱系中独立进化了60多次。每一次，多个基因被招募到C4代谢中。相应的启动子获得了新的调控功能，如高表达，光诱导，或细胞类型特异性表达叶肉或维管束鞘细胞。我们以前已经表明，组蛋白修饰有助于调节模型C4磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶（C4-Pepc）启动子在玉米（玉米）。我们在这里测试了玉米中五个额外的C4基因（C4-Ca，C4-Ppdk，C4-Me，C4-Pepck和C4-RbcS 2）上的三个选定的组蛋白乙酰化和两个组蛋白甲基化的光和细胞类型特异性反应。组蛋白乙酰化和核小体占有率测定表明，这些基因中的大多数的转录起始位点的调控上游区域超过1,000 bp的扩展启动子区域。尽管任何可检测的同源性的启动子上的一级序列水平，组蛋白修饰模式高度共调节。具体而言，H3 K9 ac是由照明调节，而H3 K4 me 3是在细胞类型特异性的方式进行调节。我们进一步比较了来自玉米的C4-Pepc和C4-Me基因以及来自高粱（Sorghum bicolor）和谷子（Setaria italica）的同源基因上的组蛋白修饰。尽管高粱和玉米共享一个共同的C4来源，但C4代谢在S.意大利语。组蛋白修饰的启动子的分布在物种之间不同，但光诱导的组蛋白乙酰化和细胞类型特异性组蛋白甲基化的差异调节在所有三个物种中是明显的。我们建议，一个预先存在的组蛋白代码招募到C4启动子控制在C4代谢的演变过程中。
C4 photosynthesis evolved more than 60 times independently in different plant lineages. Each time, multiple genes were recruited into C4 metabolism. The corresponding promoters acquired new regulatory features such as high expression, light induction, or cell type-specific expression in mesophyll or bundle sheath cells. We have previously shown that histone modifications contribute to the regulation of the model C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4-Pepc) promoter in maize (Zea mays). We here tested the light- and cell type-specific responses of three selected histone acetylations and two histone methylations on five additional C4 genes (C4-Ca, C4-Ppdk, C4-Me, C4-Pepck, and C4-RbcS2) in maize. Histone acetylation and nucleosome occupancy assays indicated extended promoter regions with regulatory upstream regions more than 1,000 bp from the transcription initiation site for most of these genes. Despite any detectable homology of the promoters on the primary sequence level, histone modification patterns were highly coregulated. Specifically, H3K9ac was regulated by illumination, whereas H3K4me3 was regulated in a cell type-specific manner. We further compared histone modifications on the C4-Pepc and C4-Me genes from maize and the homologous genes from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Setaria italica. Whereas sorghum and maize share a common C4 origin, C4 metabolism evolved independently in S. italica. The distribution of histone modifications over the promoters differed between the species, but differential regulation of light-induced histone acetylation and cell type-specific histone methylation were evident in all three species. We propose that a preexisting histone code was recruited into C4 promoter control during the evolution of C4 metabolism.