An environmental scoping study in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas .3. Residential microenvironmental monitoring for air, house dust, and soil
An environmental scoping study in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas .3. Residential microenvironmental monitoring for air, house dust, and soil
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DOI：
10.1016/s0160-4120(97)00068-8
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Willis, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mukerjee, S;Ellenson, WD;Willis, RD
1993 年里奥格兰德河谷下游环境范围研究的一个主要方面是对住宅空气、家庭灰尘和土壤污染物浓度数据进行分析和解释，以进行暴露评估。测量内容包括室内和室外空气中的可吸入颗粒物 (PM2.5)、挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)、农药和多环芳烃 (PAH)。对家庭灰尘、道路灰尘和庭院土壤进行元素、农药和多环芳烃分析。 1993 年春天，对 9 处住宅进行了为期三周的监测。第二年夏天，对这 9 处住宅中的 6 处进行了为期 10 天的额外监测。一般来说，室外住宅空气和在德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔的一个非住宅中心地点同时收集的同种测量值（Ellenson 等人，1997）对于细颗粒物、元素和挥发性有机化合物的测量结果具有良好的一致性，表明区域影响占主导地位。住宅室内外空气中PM2.5质量和元素浓度夏季普遍高于春季。许多物种的室内空气浓度高于室外空气浓度，这归因于家庭活动、住宅通风和移动土壤的进入。室内和室外空气中与作物相关的农药（例如马拉硫磷和毒死蜱）的出现表明了农业活动的证据。常见家用农药（例如氯丹、毒死蜱、二嗪农、七氯和残杀威）在室内的浓度通常高于室外，并且也存在于室内灰尘中。还使用春季和夏季的匹配住宅对农药和多环芳烃进行了季节性比较；挥发性有机化合物也可能具有季节性影响。室内挥发性有机化合物（尤其是丙烷和丁烷异构体）和多环芳烃含量较高，可能是由于烹饪相关活动造成的。由爱思唯尔科学有限公司出版
A principal aspect of the 1993 Lower Rio Grande Valley Environmental Scoping Study was the analysis and interpretation of residential air, household dust, and soil pollutant concentration data for exposure assessments. Measurements included respirable particulate matter (PM2.5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air. Household dust, road dust, and yard soil were analyzed for elements, pesticides, and PAHs. Nine residences were monitored for three weeks in the spring of 1993. Additional monitoring was conducted at six of the nine residences for ten days the following summer. Generally good agreement was found between outdoor residential air and same-species measurements collected concurrently at a non-residential central site in Brownsville, TX (Ellenson et al. 1997) for fine particulate matter, elements, and VOCs indicating the dominance of regional influences. PM2.5 mass and element concentrations in residential indoor and outdoor air were generally higher in the summer than in the spring. Indoor air concentrations of many species were higher than outdoor air concentrations and were attributed to household activities, ventilation of residences, and track-in of dislodged soils. Evidence of agricultural activities was noted in the occurrence of crop-related pesticides (e.g., malathion and chlorpyrifos) in indoor and outdoor air. Concentrations of common household pesticides (e.g., chlordane, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, heptachlor, and propoxur) were generally higher indoors than outdoors and were also present in house dust. Seasonal comparisons of pesticides and PAHs were also presented using matched residences in spring and summer; VOCs also may have indicated seasonal effects. VOCs (notably propane and butane isomers) and PAHs were higher indoors, presumably due to cooking-related activities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.