Spatially restricted inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum encourages behavioral exploration.
Spatially restricted inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the dorsolateral striatum encourages behavioral exploration.
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DOI：
10.1111/ejn.15117
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发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Smith KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amaya KA;Smith KS
在追求理想的结果时，必须在探索可能的行动以获得这些结果和利用已知的策略以最大限度地提高效率之间做出决定。背外侧纹状体（DLS）已经被广泛研究，关于行为如何发展成习惯，也被认为是一个涉及控制剥削行为的区域。令人惊讶的是，先前的工作表明，DLS胆碱能中间神经元（ChIs）不参与归因于DLS的典型习惯形成功能，而是在初始学习后的行为灵活性的调节剂。为了进一步探讨这一点，我们评估的作用，DLS ChIs在行为探索在一个简短的工具训练实验。通过ChAT-Cre大鼠的设计者受体（DREADDs），在实验的特定阶段，DLS中的ChIs被抑制：工具训练，免费奖励，在两个时间，或从来没有。没有ChI活动在仪器训练，动物偏向他们的反应对一个“最佳”的战略，同时继续有效地工作。当去除意外事件时，再次观察到这种效应，因为在该阶段期间ChI离线的动物（无论之前是否抑制ChI）比ChI完整的动物减少更多的反应。这些发现建立在越来越多的文献基础上，这些文献暗示纹状体中的ChI是行为灵活性和探索的守门人。
When pursuing desirable outcomes, one must make the decision between exploring possible actions to obtain those outcomes and exploiting known strategies to maximize efficiency. The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) has been extensively studied with respect to how actions can develop into habits and has also been implicated as an area involved in governing exploitative behavior. Surprisingly, prior work has shown that DLS cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are not involved in the canonical habit formation function ascribed to the DLS but are instead modulators of behavioral flexibility after initial learning. To further probe this, we evaluated the role of DLS ChIs in behavioral exploration during a brief instrumental training experiment. Through designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) in ChAT-Cre rats, ChIs in the DLS were inhibited during specific phases of the experiment: instrumental training, free-reward delivery, at both times, or never. Without ChI activity during instrumental training, animals biased their responding toward an “optimal” strategy while continuing to work efficiently. This effect was observed again when contingencies were removed as animals with ChIs offline during that phase, regardless of ChI inhibition previously, decreased responding more than animals with ChIs intact. These findings build upon a growing body of literature implicating ChIs in the striatum as gate-keepers of behavioral flexibility and exploration.