An ensemble of AMIP simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures
An ensemble of AMIP simulations with prescribed land surface temperatures
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DOI：
10.5194/gmd-11-3865-2018
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
D. Ackerley;R. Chadwick;D. Dommenget;P. Petrelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Ackerley;R. Chadwick;D. Dommenget;P. Petrelli
抽象的。一般环流模型（GCM）通常在大气模拟比对项目（AMIP）条件下运行，并根据观测规定的海面温度（SST）和海冰浓度（SIC）。这些 AMIP 模拟通常用于评估陆地和/或大气在导致此类 GCM 中出现系统误差的过程中所起的作用。作为云反馈模型比对项目 (CFMIP) 的一部分，还开发了原始 AMIP 实验的扩展，以评估全球气候对海表温度（规定）和二氧化碳 (CO2) 增加的响应。这些国际建模举措都没有进行一组规定土地条件的实验，而这正是本文介绍的工作重点。实验最初在自由变化的土地条件（地表温度、土壤温度和湿度）下进行，采用五种不同的配置（AMIP、向海表温度添加均匀 4 K 的 AMIP、使用四倍 CO2 的 AMIP SST、无植物气孔响应的 AMIP 海表温度和四倍 CO2，并将太阳常数增加 3.3%）。然后，使用自由土地实验中的土地表面温度来执行一组“AMIP 规定土地”(PL) 模拟，并根据自由土地对应物进行评估。 PL 模拟与自由陆地实验非常吻合，这表明陆地表面的规定方式与原始自由陆地配置一致。还利用海温、二氧化碳浓度、太阳常数和土地条件的不同组合进行了进一步的实验。例如，使用四倍二氧化碳的 AMIP 模拟中的海温和陆地条件，以模拟大气对二氧化碳浓度增加的响应，而表面温度不发生变化。所有这些实验的结果均已公开以供进一步分析。本文的主要目的是提供所用方法的描述以及这些 AMIP 规定的土地实验的初步验证。
Abstract. General circulation models (GCMs) are routinely run under Atmospheric Modelling Intercomparison Project (AMIP) conditions with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice concentrations (SICs) from observations. These AMIP simulations are often used to evaluate the role of the land and/or atmosphere in causing the development of systematic errors in such GCMs. Extensions to the original AMIP experiment have also been developed to evaluate the response of the global climate to increased SSTs (prescribed) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as part of the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP). None of these international modelling initiatives has undertaken a set of experiments where the land conditions are also prescribed, which is the focus of the work presented in this paper. Experiments are performed initially with freely varying land conditions (surface temperature, and soil temperature and moisture) under five different configurations (AMIP, AMIP with uniform 4 K added to SSTs, AMIP SST with quadrupled CO2, AMIP SST and quadrupled CO2 without the plant stomata response, and increasing the solar constant by 3.3 %). Then, the land surface temperatures from the free land experiments are used to perform a set of “AMIP prescribed land” (PL) simulations, which are evaluated against their free land counterparts. The PL simulations agree well with the free land experiments, which indicates that the land surface is prescribed in a way that is consistent with the original free land configuration. Further experiments are also performed with different combinations of SSTs, CO2 concentrations, solar constant and land conditions. For example, SST and land conditions are used from the AMIP simulation with quadrupled CO2 in order to simulate the atmospheric response to increased CO2 concentrations without the surface temperature changing. The results of all these experiments have been made publicly available for further analysis. The main aims of this paper are to provide a description of the method used and an initial validation of these AMIP prescribed land experiments.