Contingent reinforcement for reduced breath carbon monoxide levels: target-specific effects on cigarette smoking.
Contingent reinforcement for reduced breath carbon monoxide levels: target-specific effects on cigarette smoking.
复制标题
降低呼吸一氧化碳水平的偶然强化：对吸烟的特定目标影响。
DOI：
10.1016/0306-4603(85)90030-9
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Bigelow,GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stitzer,ML;Bigelow,GE
这项研究确定了提供临时增援的不吸烟和减少吸烟的下午呼吸一氧化碳(CO)目标水平对吸烟行为的影响。在为期10天的干预中，28名受雇的慢性吸烟者志愿者被随机分配到三种实验条件之一：(A)8ppm的目标CO，每天5美元的激励(n=11)；(B)16ppm的目标CO，每天5美元的激励(n=8)；或(C)8ppm的目标CO，无激励(n=9)。与非付费组相比，两个付费组的一氧化碳水平都显著降低，白天吸烟的减少量更大。CO目标的特定效果也被看到；在干预期间，8ppm组45%的受试者产生8.5ppm或更低的下午平均CO水平，而16ppm目标组和非支付组的受试者为0%。然而，两个付费组的平均一氧化碳水平和吸烟减少没有区别，因为8ppm组的一些受试者未能充分减少一氧化碳，从而无法接触增强剂。基于过期空气CO水平的应急增援可以对吸烟行为进行强大而精确的(目标特定的)控制，但如果突然引入困难的目标，则在满足增援应急能力方面可能存在个体差异。
This study determined the effects on smoking behavior of providing contingent reinforcement for nonsmoking versus reduced smoking afternoon breath carbon monoxide (CO) target levels. Twenty-eight hired chronic smoker volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions during a 10-day intervention: (a) 8 ppm target CO, $5 per day incentive (n= 11); (b) 16 ppm target CO, $5 per day incentive (n= 8); or (c) 8 ppm target CO, no incentive (n= 9). Both payment groups showed significantly lower CO levels and greater amounts of daytime smoking reduction than the no-pay group. A specific effect of CO target was also seen; 45% of subjects in the 8 ppm group compared with 0% of subjects in the 16 ppm target and no-pay groups produced average afternoon CO levels of 8.5 ppm or lower during the intervention. Average levels of CO and smoking reduction did not differ for the two paid groups, however, because some subjects in the 8 ppm group failed to reduce CO sufficiently to contact the reinforcer. Contingent reinforcement based on expired air CO levels can exercise powerful and precise (target-specific) control over smoking behavior, but there may be individual differences in ability to meet reinforcement contingencies if difficult targets are introduced abruptly.