Landslides Triggered by the 14 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand
Landslides Triggered by the 14 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake, New Zealand
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DOI：
10.1785/0120170305
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Villeneuve, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Massey, C.;Townsend, D.;Villeneuve, M.
2016年11月14日发生的里氏7.8级凯库拉地震在总面积约1万公里的范围内引发了1万多起滑坡，其中大部分集中在面积约3600公里的较小区域。地震引发的最大滑坡体积约为20(+/- 2)M m3，跳动距离约2.7公里，在Hapuku河上形成了一座大坝。在本文中，我们将介绍为该事件创建的滑坡清单的1.0版本。我们使用本文提供的清单来确定和讨论凯库拉地震引发的滑坡空间分布的一些控制因素。我们的主要发现是：(1)凯库拉地震引发的中大型滑坡（震源面积>= 10,000 m(2)）的数量少于新西兰类似震级地震引发的类似规模的滑坡；(2)最大的8次滑坡（5 ~ 20 M M）中有7次发生在地震中断裂至地表的断层上；(3)地表断层破裂200 m内的平均滑坡密度是地表断层破裂2500 m及以上距离内滑坡密度的3倍；(4)“断层距离”预测变量作为地震动强度的代表，并与坡角、地质和高程变量相结合，比模拟的峰值地加速度或峰值地速度更能预测滑坡概率；(5)在坡角相同的情况下，沿海坡面滑坡点密度比内陆坡面相似材料的滑坡点密度大一个数量级，但滑坡源面积明显小于内陆坡面。
The 14 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura earthquake generated more than 10,000 landslides over a total area of about 10,000 km(2), with the majority concentrated in a smaller area of about 3600 km(2). The largest landslide triggered by the earthquake had an approximate volume of 20(+/- 2) M m3, with a runout distance of about 2.7 km, forming a dam on the Hapuku River. In this article, we present version 1.0 of the landslide inventory we have created for this event. We use the inventory presented in this article to identify and discuss some of the controls on the spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Kaikoura earthquake. Our main findings are (1) the number of medium to large landslides (source area >= 10,000 m(2)) triggered by the Kaikoura earthquake is smaller than for similar-sized landslides triggered by similar magnitude earthquakes in New Zealand; (2) seven of the largest eight landslides (from 5 to 20 M m(3)) occurred on faults that ruptured to the surface during the earthquake; (3) the average landslide density within 200 m of a mapped surface fault rupture is three times that at a distance of 2500 m or more from a mapped surface fault rupture; (4) the "distance to fault" predictor variable, when used as a proxy for ground-motion intensity, and when combined with slope angle, geology, and elevation variables, has more power in predicting landslide probability than the modeled peak ground acceleration or peak ground velocity; and (5) for the same slope angles, the coastal slopes have landslide point densities that are an order of magnitude greater than those in similar materials on the inland slopes, but their source areas are significantly smaller.