Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathobiology of Lung Inflammation.
Role of Sphingolipids in the Pathobiology of Lung Inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/487508
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Signorelli P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghidoni R;Caretti A;Signorelli P
呼吸道中的鞘脂生物活性以及处理它们的蛋白质的作用已被广泛研究。气体或吸入的颗粒或微生物与气道内的粘液成分、上皮细胞、血屏障和免疫监视接触。肺的结构和功能依赖于形成表面活性剂层并控制外部-内部交换的极性和疏水结构的复杂相互作用，例如甘油磷脂、鞘脂和蛋白质。鞘脂作为重要的信号传导介质，参与细胞存活和应激反应的控制，以及具有炎症调节活性的分泌分子。大多数成功的呼吸道感染和损伤都是在肺泡室中发生的，肺泡室是参与气体交换的关键肺功能单位。该区室中鞘脂代谢的改变与炎症反应和神经酰胺增加密切相关，特别是有利于向病理性过度炎症的转变。这篇简短的综述探讨了鞘脂参与健康肺部（表面活性剂产生和内皮屏障维持）以及鞘脂合成和代谢影响最明显的一系列肺部病理的一些机制，例如急性肺损伤或囊性纤维化和慢性阻塞性肺病等慢性病理。
Sphingolipid bioactivities in the respiratory airways and the roles of the proteins that handle them have been extensively investigated. Gas or inhaled particles or microorganisms come into contact with mucus components, epithelial cells, blood barrier, and immune surveillance within the airways. Lung structure and functionality rely on a complex interplay of polar and hydrophobic structures forming the surfactant layer and governing external-internal exchanges, such as glycerol-phospholipids sphingolipids and proteins. Sphingolipids act as important signaling mediators involved in the control of cell survival and stress response, as well as secreted molecules endowed with inflammation-regulatory activities. Most successful respiratory infection and injuries evolve in the alveolar compartment, the critical lung functional unit involved in gas exchange. Sphingolipid altered metabolism in this compartment is closely related to inflammatory reaction and ceramide increase, in particular, favors the switch to pathological hyperinflammation. This short review explores a few mechanisms underlying sphingolipid involvement in the healthy lung (surfactant production and endothelial barrier maintenance) and in a selection of lung pathologies in which the impact of sphingolipid synthesis and metabolism is most apparent, such as acute lung injury, or chronic pathologies such as cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.