Staying Young at Heart: Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults.
Staying Young at Heart: Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adolescents and Young Adults.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11936-015-0414-x
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gooding, Holly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chung, Richard J;Touloumtzis, Currie;Gooding, Holly
观点声明：预防和管理心血管疾病（CVD）的方法通常范围太窄，而且开始得太晚。虽然大多数青少年没有心血管疾病，但很少有青少年没有心血管疾病的危险因素，特别是生活方式因素，如运动不良和饮食习惯。大多数临床医生都熟悉改变这些和其他传统CVD风险因素（如高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病）的行为和药理学策略。在这篇综述中，我们强调了那些最适用于青少年的策略，并提出了基本的重构，认识到早期选择和生活经验对实现心血管健康的重要性。支持在生命早期建立积极健康行为的群体和个人水平方法是保持理想心血管健康和促进积极心血管结局的基础。青年积极发展运动支持一种框架转变，不再将青年人仅仅视为其风险因素的总和，而是将其视为能够做出健康选择的具有发展活力的青年。在青少年积极发展框架的指导下，我们对青少年心血管疾病预防的方法是基础广泛和积极主动的，尽早注意健康行为背后的社会，家庭和发展因素，并在需要时采用循证行为，药理学和手术治疗。
OPINION STATEMENT: Approaches to the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often too narrow in scope and initiated too late. While the majority of adolescents are free of CVD, far fewer are free of CVD risk factors, especially lifestyle factors such as poor exercise and dietary habits. Most clinicians are familiar with behavioral and pharmacologic strategies for modifying these and other traditional CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. In this review, we highlight those strategies most applicable to teens and also propose fundamental reframing that recognizes the importance of early choices and life experiences to achieving cardiovascular health. Population- and individual-level approaches that support the establishment of positive health behaviors early in life are the foundation of preserving ideal cardiovascular health and promoting positive cardiovascular outcomes. The Positive Youth Development movement supports a frame shift away from seeing young people as merely the sum of their risk factors and instead as developmentally dynamic youth capable of making healthy choices. Informed by the Positive Youth Development framework, our approach to cardiovascular prevention among adolescents is both broad based and proactive, paying heed as early as possible to social, familial, and developmental factors that underlie health behaviors and employing evidence-based behavioral, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments when needed.