Visual explanations prioritize functional properties at the expense of visual fidelity

Visual explanations prioritize functional properties at the expense of visual fidelity
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视觉解释优先考虑功能属性,但牺牲了视觉保真度

DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105414
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Fan, Judith E.
Fan, Judith E.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huey, Holly;Lu, Xuanchen;Walker, Caren M.;Fan, Judith E.

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视觉解释在传达关于事物如何运作的机械知识方面起着不可或缺的作用。人们认为这些图片与那些旨在传达事物外观的图片有什么区别?为了探索这个问题,我们使用了一个绘图范例来引出新的类机器物体的视觉解释和描述,然后对每个绘图中传达的语义信息进行了详细的分析。我们发现,视觉解释更强调机器移动或交互产生效果的部分,而视觉描述强调视觉上显著的部分,即使它们是静态的。此外,我们发现这些视觉重点的差异影响了天真的观众从这些图中提取的信息:解释使推断操作机器所需的动作更容易,但更难识别它代表的是哪台机器。综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,人们在进行视觉解释时,会自发地优先考虑功能性信息,但这种策略可能是双刃剑,以牺牲视觉保真度为代价,促进对物理机制的推断。
Visual explanations play an integral role in communicating mechanistic knowledge about how things work. What do people think distinguishes such pictures from those that are intended to convey how things look? To explore this question, we used a drawing paradigm to elicit both visual explanations and depictions of novel machine-like objects, then conducted a detailed analysis of the semantic information conveyed in each drawing. We found that visual explanations placed greater emphasis on parts of the machines that move or interact to produce an effect, while visual depictions emphasized parts that were visually salient, even if they were static. Moreover, we found that these differences in visual emphasis impacted what information naive viewers could extract from these drawings: explanations made it easier to infer which action was needed to operate the machine, but more difficult to identify which machine it represented. Taken together, our findings suggest that people spontaneously prioritize functional information when producing visual explanations but that this strategy may be double-edged, facilitating inferences about physical mechanism at the expense of preserving visual fidelity.
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