The Nuclear Pore Complex and Nuclear Transport
The Nuclear Pore Complex and Nuclear Transport
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a000562
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Rout, Michael P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wente, Susan R.;Rout, Michael P.
内部膜结合结构隔离真核细胞中的所有遗传物质。这些结构中最突出的是细胞核，其被称为核膜（NE）的双层膜所包围。虽然这个NE将核内的核质和遗传物质与周围的细胞质分开，但它遍布着称为核孔复合体（NPC）的门户。NPC是一种高度选择性的双向转运蛋白，可转运大量蛋白质和核糖核蛋白。NPC必须始终阻止非特异性大分子的通过，但允许水、糖和离子的自由扩散。这些多种类型的核转运在多个阶段受到调节，并且NPC携带许多蛋白质的结合位点，这些蛋白质在货物穿过NE时调节和修饰货物。NPC的组装、维护和修理必须以某种方式发生，同时保持NE的完整性。最后，NPC似乎是定位许多核过程的锚，包括基因激活和细胞周期调节。所有这些要求都证明了NPC的复杂设计及其在关键细胞过程中发挥的不可或缺的作用。
Internal membrane bound structures sequester all genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The most prominent of these structures is the nucleus, which is bounded by a double membrane termed the nuclear envelope (NE). Though this NE separates the nucleoplasm and genetic material within the nucleus from the surrounding cytoplasm, it is studded throughout with portals called nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The NPC is a highly selective, bidirectional transporter for a tremendous range of protein and ribonucleoprotein cargoes. All the while the NPC must prevent the passage of nonspecific macromolecules, yet allow the free diffusion of water, sugars, and ions. These many types of nuclear transport are regulated at multiple stages, and the NPC carries binding sites for many of the proteins that modulate and modify the cargoes as they pass across the NE. Assembly, maintenance, and repair of the NPC must somehow occur while maintaining the integrity of the NE. Finally, the NPC appears to be an anchor for localization of many nuclear processes, including gene activation and cell cycle regulation. All these requirements demonstrate the complex design of the NPC and the integral role it plays in key cellular processes.