A review of the community flood risk management literature in the USA: lessons for improving community resilience to floods
A review of the community flood risk management literature in the USA: lessons for improving community resilience to floods
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DOI：
10.1007/s11069-019-03606-3
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Jenna Tyler;Abdul-Akeem Sadiq;D. Noonan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jenna Tyler;Abdul-Akeem Sadiq;D. Noonan
本研究系统地回顾了美国社区洪水风险管理的各种研究，以确定知识差距，并制定创新和实用的经验教训，以帮助洪水管理决策者努力减少洪水损失。作者发现并审查了60项符合选择标准的研究（例如，研究是用英语写的，是经验性的，重点是美国社区一级的洪水风险管理等）。在审查每项研究的主要结果后，作者确定了七个实际经验教训，如果实施，不仅可以帮助洪水管理决策者更好地了解社区的洪水风险，而且还可以减少洪水灾害的影响，提高社区对未来洪水灾害的抵御能力。这七个教训包括：（1）认识到获取开放空间和保护湿地是减少洪水损失的最有效方法;（2）认识到根据社区的洪水风险，不同的发展模式在减少洪水损失方面更有效;（3）考虑参与FEMA社区评级系统计划的成本和收益;（4）让社区成员参与洪水规划和恢复过程;（5）在洪水风险管理方案中考虑社会弱势群体;（6）依靠各种洪泛区管理工具来划定洪水风险;及（7）确保防洪计划得以全面实施及不断修订。
This study systematically reviews the diverse body of research on community flood risk management in the USA to identify knowledge gaps and develop innovative and practical lessons to aid flood management decision-makers in their efforts to reduce flood losses. The authors discovered and reviewed 60 studies that met the selection criteria (e.g., study is written in English, is empirical, focuses on flood risk management at the community level in the USA, etc.). Upon reviewing the major findings from each study, the authors identified seven practical lessons that, if implemented, could not only help flood management decision-makers better understand communities’ flood risks, but could also reduce the impacts of flood disasters and improve communities’ resilience to future flood disasters. These seven lessons include: (1) recognizing that acquiring open space and conserving wetlands are some of the most effective approaches to reducing flood losses; (2) recognizing that, depending on a community’s flood risks, different development patterns are more effective at reducing flood losses; (3) considering the costs and benefits of participating in FEMA’s Community Rating System program; (4) engaging community members in the flood planning and recovery processes; (5) considering socially vulnerable populations in flood risk management programs; (6) relying on a variety of floodplain management tools to delineate flood risk; and (7) ensuring that flood mitigation plans are fully implemented and continually revised.