Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins14090596
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发表时间：
2022-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Chu H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu A;Gao W;Zhu Y;Hou X;Chu H
肠易激综合征（irritable bowel syndrome，IBS）是一种常见的功能性胃肠道疾病，严重影响个人健康，给社会带来沉重的经济负担，但目前对其发生和治疗的认识还不够。新出现的证据表明，IBS与肠道微生物生态失调有关，但大多数研究都集中在细菌上，而忽视了微生物群的其他群落，包括真菌、病毒、古生菌和其他寄生微生物。本文综述了非细菌微生物群与IBS之间的最新研究结果。IBS患者表现出较少的真菌和病毒多样性，但在真菌生物群，病毒组和古菌组的一些变化，如白色念珠菌的丰度增加。此外，真菌和产甲烷菌可以帮助诊断。真菌与不同的IBS症状相关，并通过特定的受体、细胞和代谢物诱导免疫应答、肠屏障破坏和内脏高敏感性。IBS的新治疗方法包括杀真菌剂、靶向真菌致病途径的抑制剂、益生菌、益生元和粪便微生物群移植。此外，病毒、产甲烷菌和寄生微生物也参与了病理生理学和治疗。因此，肠道非细菌菌群参与了IBS的发病机制，这为IBS的无创诊断和精确治疗提供了新的视角。
As a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly affects personal health and imposes a substantial economic burden on society, but the current understanding of its occurrence and treatment is still inadequate. Emerging evidence suggests that IBS is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, but most studies focus on the bacteria and neglect other communities of the microbiota, including fungi, viruses, archaea, and other parasitic microorganisms. This review summarizes the latest findings that link the nonbacterial microbiota with IBS. IBS patients show less fungal and viral diversity but some alterations in mycobiome, virome, and archaeome, such as an increased abundance of Candida albicans. Moreover, fungi and methanogens can aid in diagnosis. Fungi are related to distinct IBS symptoms and induce immune responses, intestinal barrier disruption, and visceral hypersensitivity via specific receptors, cells, and metabolites. Novel therapeutic methods for IBS include fungicides, inhibitors targeting fungal pathogenic pathways, probiotic fungi, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Additionally, viruses, methanogens, and parasitic microorganisms are also involved in the pathophysiology and treatment. Therefore, the gut nonbacterial microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBS, which provides a novel perspective on the noninvasive diagnosis and precise treatment of this disease.
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