Assessment of full life-cycle air emissions of alternative shipping fuels
Assessment of full life-cycle air emissions of alternative shipping fuels
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.165
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发表时间：
2018-01-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Murphy, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gilbert, Paul;Walsh, Conor;Murphy, Alan
航运部门需要替代燃料有两个主要动机：减少当地污染物并遵守现有法规；减缓气候变化，减少温室气体排放。然而，任何替代燃料都必须满足一系列标准才能成为可行的选择。其中最关键的是，它必须在整个生命周期内实现减排。对于一组燃料，包括传统燃料和替代燃料，以及相关的生产途径，本文提出了关于六种排放物种的生命周期评估：当地污染物硫氧化物，氮氧化物和颗粒物；以及温室气体二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮。虽然分析表明，目前还没有广泛可用的燃料来实现这两种动机，但如果能够克服关键障碍，一些替代燃料的选择是有潜力的。氢或其他合成燃料依赖于生产能源投入和其他原料的脱碳，以减少温室气体排放。同样，生物衍生燃料可以是一种减排选择，但前提是能够确保土地利用变化同时增加生物量不会影响更广泛的潜在节约，并且该部门能够充分竞争使用这些燃料。这些例子表明，关键的障碍位于各自燃料生命周期的上游，克服这些障碍的方法可能超出了航运部门的范围。(C) 2017年作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。
There is a need for alternative fuels in the shipping sector for two main motivations: to deliver a reduction in local pollutants and comply with existing regulation; and to mitigate climate change and cut greenhouse gas emissions. However, any alternative fuel must meet a range of criteria to become a viable option. Key among them is the requirement that it can deliver emissions reductions over its full life-cycle. For a set of fuels, comprising both conventional and alternative fuels, together with associated production pathways, this paper presents a life-cycle assessment with respect to six emissions species: local pollutants sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter; and greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. While the analysis demonstrates that no widely available fuel exists currently to deliver on both motivations, some alternative fuel options have the potential, if key barriers can be overcome. Hydrogen or other synthetic fuels rely on decarbonisation of both energy input to production and other feedstock materials to deliver reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Similarly, bio-derived fuels can be an abatement option, but only if it can be ensured that land-use change whilst growing biomass does not impact wider potential savings and the sector is able to compete sufficiently for their use. These examples show that crucial barriers are located upstream in the respective fuel life cycle and that the way to overcome them may reside beyond the scope of the shipping sector alone. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.