Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (II): Ventricular Chamber Specification, Trabeculation, and Heart Valve Formation
Signal Transduction in Early Heart Development (II): Ventricular Chamber Specification, Trabeculation, and Heart Valve Formation
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DOI：
10.3181/00379727-232-2320866
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发表时间：
2007-07
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
M. Wagner;M. Siddiqui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Wagner;M. Siddiqui
四腔心脏的形成，其室室沿左右方向排列，开始于线性心管根据左右胚轴向右循环。随着沿着重新排列的心管外曲形成的小梁心肌的形成，环状心脏中的室腔的功能规范发生了。这一过程涉及两条主要的信号转导通路，维甲酸和神经调节蛋白信号通路，维甲酸通路也参与右向心管环路。随着房室和室室的建立，必须确保维持两室之间的单向血液流动。为了实现这一点，心脏瓣膜在房室交界处发育。这一过程始于心内膜垫(心脏瓣膜的原基)的形成，结束于心脏瓣膜叶的形成。在这一过程下，是一个复杂的信号转导网络，介导心内膜和心肌细胞层之间的通信，形成心内膜垫和新生的心脏瓣膜。一些涉及的信号分子包括血管内皮生长因子、WNTS、骨形态发生蛋白、表皮生长因子、透明质酸、神经纤维蛋白和钙。
The formation of a four-chambered heart with ventricular chambers aligned in a left-right orientation begins with the rightward looping of the linear heart tube in accordance with the left-right embryonic axis. The functional specification of the ventricular chambers in the looped heart occurs with the formation of a trabeculated myocardium along the outer curvature of the realigned heart tube. Two major signal transduction pathways are involved in this process, the retinoic acid and neuregulin signaling pathways, with the retinoic acid pathway also participating in rightward heart tube looping. With the establishment of the atrial and ventricular chambers, maintenance of a unidirectional flow of blood between the two chambers must be ensured. To achieve this, heart valves develop at the atrioventricular juncture. This process begins with formation of endocardial cushions, the primordia of heart valves, and ends with formation of heart valve leaflets. Underlying this process is a complex network of signal transduction pathways that mediate communication between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers to form the endocardial cushions and nascent heart valve. Some of the signaling molecules involved are vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnts, bone morphogenetic proteins, epidermal growth factor, hyaluronic acid, neurofibromin, and calcium.