Introduction to Game Theory
Introduction to Game Theory
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-4316-8
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发表时间：
1994-07
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
P. Morris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Morris
博弈的数学理论的目的是分析各种各样的竞争情况。这些包括大多数人们通常称之为“游戏”的娱乐活动，如国际象棋、扑克、桥牌、双簧棋、棒球等，也包括公司之间、军队之间和国家之间的比赛。为了发展这个理论，所有这些竞争的情况都被称为博弈。博弈分析有两个目标。首先，有一个描述性的目标，即理解为什么竞争情况下的各方（“参与者”）会有这样的行为。第二个是更实际的目标，能够建议游戏的玩家以最好的方式玩。第一个目标在游戏规模大、参与者多、规则复杂的情况下尤为重要。经济和国际政治就是很好的例子。在理想情况下，追求第二个目标将允许我们向每个参与者描述一个策略，以保证他或她尽可能做得好。正如我们将看到的，这个目标过于雄心勃勃。在许多游戏中，“尽可能”这个词很难定义。在其他游戏中，它可以被定义，并且有一个明确的“解决方案”（即最佳的游戏方式）。
The mathematical theory of games has as its purpose the analysis of a wide range of competitive situations. These include most of the recreations which people usually call" games" such as chess, poker, bridge, backgam mon, baseball, and so forth, but also contests between companies, military forces, and nations. For the purposes of developing the theory, all these competitive situations are called games. The analysis of games has two goals. First, there is the descriptive goal of understanding why the parties (" players") in competitive situations behave as they do. The second is the more practical goal of being able to advise the players of the game as to the best way to play. The first goal is especially relevant when the game is on a large scale, has many players, and has complicated rules. The economy and international politics are good examples. In the ideal, the pursuit of the second goal would allow us to describe to each player a strategy which guarantees that he or she does as well as possible. As we shall see, this goal is too ambitious. In many games, the phrase" as well as possible" is hard to define. In other games, it can be defined and there is a clear-cut" solution"(that is, best way of playing).