Social connectedness, functional capacity, and longevity: A focus on positive relations with others.
Social connectedness, functional capacity, and longevity: A focus on positive relations with others.
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社会联系、功能能力和寿命：注重与他人的积极关系。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116419
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thomas,PatriciaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Friedman,Elliot;Franks,Melissa;Teas,Elizabeth;Thomas,PatriciaA
大量文献将社会联系与健康联系起来，但人们越来越认识到，社会联系在定义、评估和与健康联系的方式上存在相当细微的差别。目的：本研究的重点是与他人的积极关系——一种源自“美好生活”组成部分的哲学概念的衡量标准——以及它在多大程度上预测功能限制和死亡率，使用的数据来自美国全国纵向中年研究（MIDUS）。我们还评估了这些关联是否独立于社会联系的两种常见措施：社会整合和社会支持。方法社会连通性数据来自第一波MIDUS(1994-1996)，自我报告的功能限制来自第一波（MIDUS 1）和第三波（MIDUS 3; 2013-2014），截至2022年的死亡率数据来自国家死亡指数。结果线性回归分析显示，与他人积极关系得分越高，随着时间的推移，功能限制的增加程度越低；逻辑回归模型显示，与他人积极关系得分越高，MIDUS 1和MIDUS 3之间发生功能限制的概率越低。在与他人的积极关系方面得分较高的人，死亡率也明显较低。所有模型都根据人口统计学和健康特征进行了调整，并且所有关联都对模型中包含的社会整合和社会支持具有很强的稳健性。这些结果表明，与他人的积极关系是良好生活的一个组成部分，它描述了对相互信任的社会关系的持续投资，与老年人的两个关键健康结果相关：功能限制和寿命。这些关联是独立于社会整合和社会支持的，这表明这种社会联系在老年人健康中的独特作用。
RationaleA large literature links social connectedness to health, but there is growing recognition of considerable nuance in the ways social connectedness is defined, assessed, and associated with health.ObjectiveThis study centers on positive relations with others – a measure derived from philosophical notions of the components of a “good life” – and the extent to which it predicts functional limitations and mortality using data from the national, longitudinal Mid-Life in the United States (MIDUS) study. We also assess whether these associations are independent of two common measures of social connectedness: social integration and social support.MethodsData on social connectedness came from the first wave of MIDUS (1994–1996), self-reported functional limitations were from the first (MIDUS 1) and third (MIDUS 3; 2013–2014) waves, and mortality data through 2022 were obtained from the National Death Index.ResultsLinear regression analyses showed that higher scores on positive relations with others predicted significantly less increase in functional limitations over time, and logistic regression models showed reduced probability of onset of functional limitations between MIDUS 1 and MIDUS 3 in those scoring higher on positive relations with others. Mortality was also significantly lower in those with higher scores on positive relations with others. All models adjusted for demographic and health characteristics, and all associations were robust to the inclusion of social integration and social support in the models.ConclusionsThese results show that positive relations with others, a component of a well-lived life that describes sustained investment in social relationships that are mutual and trusting, is associated with two key health outcomes in aging adults: functional limitations and longevity. That these associations are independent of social integration and social support suggests a unique role for this formulation of social connectedness in the health of aging adults.