The semantic specificity of gestures when verbal communication is not possible: the case of emergency evacuation.
The semantic specificity of gestures when verbal communication is not possible: the case of emergency evacuation.
复制标题
当无法进行口头交流时手势的语义特异性：紧急疏散的情况。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
L. Pietrantoni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Prati;L. Pietrantoni
本研究的目的是考察在交际者不能（或只能困难地）使用语言交流的情况下对手势的理解。基于理论考虑，我们期望对符号（具有直接口头定义或翻译的手势，为群体或文化的所有成员所熟知）的语义理解比插图（被认为是自发的和特殊的，没有传统定义的手势）更高。基于现有文献，我们预测与内在编码的插图相比，任意编码和符号编码的符号具有更高的语义特异性。使用紧急疏散场景，我们测试了不同类别手势之间语义特异性的差异。138名参与者观看了10个视频，每个视频都展示了一名消防员的手势。他们被要求想象自己处于危险的境地，并报告与每个手势相关的含义。结果表明，内在编码的插图比任意编码的符号更容易被理解，这可能是因为内在编码的插图的含义可以立即被理解，而无需求助于符号解释。此外，符号编码符号的理解与任意编码符号和内在编码插图的理解之间没有显著差异。后两种手势之间的差异似乎得到了语义特异性差异的支持，尽管方向与预测相反。这些结果与Hadar和Pinchas-Zamir（2004）的研究结果一致，他们认为标志性手势比传统手势具有更高的语义特异性。
The aim of the present study was to examine the comprehension of gesture in a situation in which the communicator cannot (or can only with difficulty) use verbal communication. Based on theoretical considerations, we expected to obtain higher semantic comprehension for emblems (gestures with a direct verbal definition or translation that is well known by all members of a group, or culture) compared to illustrators (gestures regarded as spontaneous and idiosyncratic and that do not have a conventional definition). Based on the extant literature, we predicted higher semantic specificity associated with arbitrarily coded and iconically coded emblems compared to intrinsically coded illustrators. Using a scenario of emergency evacuation, we tested the difference in semantic specificity between different categories of gestures. 138 participants saw 10 videos each illustrating a gesture performed by a firefighter. They were requested to imagine themselves in a dangerous situation and to report the meaning associated with each gesture. The results showed that intrinsically coded illustrators were more successfully understood than arbitrarily coded emblems, probably because the meaning of intrinsically coded illustrators is immediately comprehensible without recourse to symbolic interpretation. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the comprehension of iconically coded emblems and that of both arbitrarily coded emblems and intrinsically coded illustrators. It seems that the difference between the latter two types of gestures was supported by their difference in semantic specificity, although in a direction opposite to that predicted. These results are in line with those of Hadar and Pinchas-Zamir (2004), which showed that iconic gestures have higher semantic specificity than conventional gestures.