Cellular and molecular biology of the presynaptic nerve terminal.
Cellular and molecular biology of the presynaptic nerve terminal.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ne.14.030191.000521
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
W. Trimble;M. Linial;R. Scheller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Trimble;M. Linial;R. Scheller
Chemical neurotransmission represents the primary form of intercellular communication in the nervous system, yet relatively little is known about the molecular processes involved. The vesicle hypothesis states that spe cialized organelles located in the synaptic region are responsible for the accumulation, storage, and release of neurotransmitters in discrete packets called "quanta." These synaptic vesicles, or their components, are thought to be assembled in the cell body and transported to the terminals via fast axonal transport. At the nerve terminal, vesicles interact with the cytoskeleton and with soluble vesicle-binding proteins prior to docking at specialized membrane sites known as active zones. Following voltage gated Ca 2+ influx, when the local intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+]i) may reach several hundred micromolar, the vesicle and the plasma membrane fuse, releasing the vesicle contents into the synaptic cleft. A typical synaptic vesicle from a motoneuron releases approximately 5000 molecules of acetylcholine, and each nerve impulse releases 100-200 quanta at a representative neuromuscular synapse. Following exocytosis,
