Mechanical performance of aquatic rowing and flying
Mechanical performance of aquatic rowing and flying
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1224
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发表时间：
2000-09-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Westneat, MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker, JA;Westneat, MW
通过划动或拍打鳍、翅膀或四肢进行的水上飞行是许多动物的主要运动机制。我们使用计算机模拟来比较在一定速度范围内划船和扑动附件的机械性能。事实证明，在所有的游泳速度下，拍动的附肢都比划船的附肢更有机械效率，这表明经常从事需要能量守恒的运动行为的聊天动物应该采用拍动的方式。在所有速度下划船附件的效率都很低，这就引出了为什么划船会发生的问题。一个答案在于划桨鳍在动力划水时比拍打鳍产生更大的推力。大的力量是必要的操纵行为，如加速，转弯和刹车，这表明划船应该在缓慢游泳的动物，经常操纵。该模型的预测支持所观察到的模式之间的行为变化划船和拍打脊椎动物。
Aquatic flight, performed by rowing or flapping fins, wings or limbs, is a primary locomotor mechanism for many animals. We used a computer simulation to compare the mechanical performance of rowing and flapping appendages across a range of speeds. Flapping appendages proved to be more mechanically efficient than rowing appendages at all swimming speeds, suggesting chat animals that frequently engage in locomotor behaviours that require energy conservation should employ a flapping stroke. The lower efficiency of rowing appendages across all speeds begs the question of why rowing occurs at all. One answer lies in the ability of rowing fins to generate more thrust than flapping fins during the power stroke. Large forces are necessary for manoeuvring behaviours such as accelerations, turning and braking, which suggests that rowing should be found in slow-swimming animals that frequently manoeuvre. The predictions of the model are supported by observed patterns of behavioural variation among rowing and flapping vertebrates.