The “Plastotype Problem” in Ichnological Taxonomy
The “Plastotype Problem” in Ichnological Taxonomy
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DOI：
10.1080/10420940.2019.1688802
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发表时间：
2020-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Lucas;Jerald D. Harris
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Lucas;Jerald D. Harris
当根据不可收集的遗迹化石命名遗迹分类群时，正模是露头中的实际遗迹化石，尽管一些遗迹学家将正模鉴定为博物馆收藏的复制品（铸件），并将其称为“plastotype”，尽管并非所有的复制品都是由石膏制成的。尽管如此，国际动物命名委员会（ICZN）通过其守则明确指出，人工的人造复制品（石膏模型或其他）不符合作为遗迹分类群正模的条件。这一指示可能会破坏许多遗迹分类学的稳定性，这些分类学是基于已经消失或将要消失的野外留下的全型。对于遗迹学家来说，一个可能的解决方案是向ICZN请愿，要求它承认人工的遗迹化石复制品可以作为有名字的类型。这些可能最好被称为“axiotypes”（来自希腊axios，意思是“同等价值”）。
Abstract When naming ichnotaxa based on uncollectable trace fossils, the holotype is the actual ichnofossil in the outcrop, though some ichnologists identify the holotype as a replica (cast) held in a museum collection, and refer to it as a “plastotype,” although not all such replicas are made from plaster. Nevertheless, through its Code, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) makes it clear that an artificial, human-made replica (plaster cast or otherwise) is not eligible to be the holotype of an ichnotaxon. This directive is potentially destabilizing to much ichnological taxonomy, which is based on holotypes left in the field that have disappeared or will disappear. One possible solution for ichnologists will be to petition the ICZN to recognize that artificial, human-made replicas of ichnofossils can serve as name-bearing types. These may best be called “axiotypes” (from the Greek axios, meaning “of equal value”).