Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid pathogen of amphibians
Physiology of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a chytrid pathogen of amphibians
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两栖动物壶菌病原体 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 的生理学
DOI：
10.1080/15572536.2005.11832990
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
J. Longcore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Piotrowski;S. Annis;J. Longcore
树突壶菌是两栖动物的一种病原体，在几个大陆上造成了两栖动物数量的严重下降。为了进一步了解这种病原菌的流行病学，我们研究了树线虫的虫孢子活性、生理和蛋白酶的产生。95%以上的游动孢子在24小时内停止运动，游不到2厘米就成囊。树突芽孢杆菌的分离株在4-25℃和pH 4-8条件下生长繁殖。在17-25℃和pH 6-7时生长最大。培养物在30℃下暴露8 d，杀死50%的重复。在蒸压蛇皮和1%角蛋白琼脂上生长，但在色氨酸或蛋白化牛奶中生长最好，在色氨酸中生长时不需要额外的糖。树突双歧杆菌产生的胞外蛋白酶可降解酪蛋白和明胶，但对角蛋白蓝没有可测量的活性。蛋白酶在6 ~ 37℃和6 ~ 8的pH范围内对偶氮酪蛋白有活性，在23 ~ 30℃和pH 8的温度下活性最高。讨论了这些观察结果对疾病传播和发展的影响。
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a pathogen of amphibians that has been implicated in severe population declines on several continents. We investigated the zoospore activity, physiology and protease production of B. dendrobatidis to help understand the epidemiology of this pathogen. More than 95% of zoospores stopped moving within 24 h and swam less than 2 cm before encysting. Isolates of B. dendrobatidis grew and reproduced at temperatures of 4–25 C and at pH 4–8. Growth was maximal at 17–25 C and at pH 6–7. Exposure of cultures to 30 C for 8 d killed 50% of the replicates. B. dendrobatidis cultures grew on autoclaved snakeskin and 1% keratin agar, but they grew best in tryptone or peptonized milk and did not require additional sugars when grown in tryptone. B. dendrobatidis produced extracellular proteases that degraded casein and gelatin but had no measurable activity against keratin azure. The proteases were active against azocasein at temperatures of 6–37 C and in a pH range of 6–8, with the highest activity at temperatures of 23–30 C and at pH 8. The implications of these observations on disease transmission and development are discussed.