A Retrospective of Findings From the FORTE Satellite Mission
A Retrospective of Findings From the FORTE Satellite Mission
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DOI：
10.1029/2019jd032264
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发表时间：
2020-05-16
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Light, T. E. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Light, T. E. L.
我们重新审视了FORTE卫星计划（1997-2004）的发现，该计划收集了全球低地球轨道闪电的光学成像以及光学和无线电频率时间序列波形。其中包括调查地球的无线电频率人为噪声环境;地球表面的无线电频率反射率;分类闪电放电类型的基础上，他们的非常高的频率时域功率包络的计划;洞察不同闪电类型的极化和辐射模式的特点，与潜在的放电过程的影响;和基于散射光统计的云光学特性的估计。最重要的是，FORTE特别适合从被称为“窄双极事件”的罕见放电中捕获大样本数据，从而能够详细检查其基本特征，并确认它们似乎是由与其他闪电相比根本不同的物理过程引起的。特别是，尽管代表了巨大的电荷转移，但它们显然产生很少或没有光输出。
We revisit the findings from the FORTE satellite program (1997-2004), which collected optical imaging of lightning as well as optical and radio frequency time series waveforms globally from low-earth-orbit. These include surveys of the earth's radio frequency anthropogenic noise environment; earth surface reflectivity at radio frequencies; a scheme for classifying lightning discharge types on the basis of their very high frequency time domain power envelope; insights into the polarization and radiation pattern characteristics of different lightning types, with implications for the underlying discharge processes; and estimates of cloud optical properties based on the statistics of scattered light. Most significantly, FORTE was uniquely suited to capture large samples of data from the rare discharge known as "narrow bipolar events," enabling detailed examination of their basic characteristics and confirming that they appear to result from fundamentally distinct physical processes compared to other lightning. In particular, despite representing huge charge transfer they evidently produce little-to-no light output.