Influence of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status on mortality among black, Mexican-American, and white women and men in the United States
Influence of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status on mortality among black, Mexican-American, and white women and men in the United States
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.57.6.444
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Cubbin, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winkleby, MA;Cubbin, C
研究目的：本研究探讨了美国黑人、墨西哥裔美国人和白色女性和男性的个人和社区社会经济地位（SES）对死亡率的影响。作者有三个研究目标。首先，他们通过个人水平的SES（以收入、教育和职业/就业状况为衡量标准）和社区水平的SES（社区收入/财富、教育程度、职业状况和就业状况的指数）来研究死亡率。其次，他们研究了在控制了个体SES后，社区SES是否与死亡率相关。第三，他们计算了人口归因风险，以估计如果所有女性和男性都生活在社会经济地位最高的社区，死亡率的降低。设计：全国健康访谈调查（1987-1994年），与1990年人口普查区相联系（邻近替代）和1997年的死亡率数据。59935名黑人、19201名墨西哥裔美国人和344432名白色男女的全国代表性样本（六个性别和种族/族裔群体），访谈时年龄为25-64岁。主要结果：所有六个性别和种族/族裔群体的死亡率都比收入最低的人高出两到四倍（最低四分位数）居住在社会经济地位最低的社区（最低三分位数）与生活在社会经济地位最高的社区的最高收入者相比。对于这六个群体，与生活在社会经济地位最低的社区相关的年龄调整后的死亡风险范围从1.43到1.61不等。死亡风险降低，但仍具有显著性（p值
Study objectives: This study examines the influence of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) on mortality among black, Mexican-American, and white women and men in the US. The authors had three study objectives. Firstly, they examined mortality rates by both individual level SES (measured by income, education, and occupational/employment status) and neighbourhood level SES (index of neighbourhood income/wealth, educational attainment, occupational status, and employment status). Secondly, they examined whether neighbourhood SES was associated with mortality after controlling for individual SES. Thirdly, they calculated the population attributable risk to estimate the reduction in mortality rates if all women and men lived in the highest SES neighbourhoods.Design: National Health Interview Survey (1987-1994), linked with 1990 census tract (neighbourhood proxy) and mortality data through 1997.Setting/participants: Nationally representative sample of 59 935 black, 19 201 Mexican-American, and 344 432 white men and women (six gender and racial/ethnic groups), aged 25-64 at interview.Main results: Mortality rates for all six gender and racial/ethnic groups were two to four times higher for those with the lowest incomes (lowest quartile) who lived in the lowest SES neighbourhoods (lowest tertile) compared with those with the highest incomes who lived in the highest SES neighbourhoods. For the six groups, the age adjusted mortality risk associated with living in the lowest SES neighbourhoods ranged from 1.43 to 1.61. The mortality risk decreased but remained significant (p values