Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners
Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of Nutritive and Nonnutritive Sweeteners
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.009
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Keim, Kathryn S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitch, Cindy;Keim, Kathryn S.
营养与饮食学会的立场是，消费者可以安全地享受一系列营养性甜味剂和非营养性甜味剂（NNS），当消费者在当前联邦营养建议指导下的饮食计划中食用时，如美国人膳食指南和膳食参考摄入量，以及个人健康目标和个人偏好。对甜味的偏好是与生俱来的，甜味剂可以增加进食的乐趣。营养甜味剂含有碳水化合物并提供能量。它们天然存在于食品中，也可能在食品加工过程中或消费者食用前添加。添加糖的摄入量增加与能量摄入量增加和饮食质量降低有关，这可能会增加肥胖，前驱糖尿病，2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险。平均而言，美国成年人从添加糖中消耗14.6%的能量。多元醇（也称为糖醇）以较少的能量增加甜味，并可能降低龋齿的风险。根据食品标签指南，含有多元醇和/或不添加糖的食品可以标记为无糖。NNS是那些用最少或没有碳水化合物或能量增甜的。它们被食品和药物管理局作为食品添加剂或公认为安全的。食品和药物管理局的批准程序包括确定可能的摄入量，所有用途的累积效应，以及动物毒理学研究。七种NNS在美国被批准使用：乙酰磺胺酸钾、甜菜碱、罗汉果果提取物、纽甜、糖精、甜叶菊和三氯蔗糖。它们具有不同的功能特性，可能会影响感知的味道或在不同食品应用中的使用。在美国批准使用的所有NNS都被确定为安全的。J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112：739-758.
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive sweeteners and nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) when consumed within an eating plan that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes, as well as individual health goals and personal preference. A preference for sweet taste is innate and sweeteners can increase the pleasure of eating. Nutritive sweeteners contain carbohydrate and provide energy. They occur naturally in foods or may be added in food processing or by consumers before consumption. Higher intake of added sugars is associated with higher energy intake and lower diet quality, which can increase the risk for obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. On average, adults in the United States consume 14.6% of energy from added sugars. Polyols (also referred to as sugar alcohols) add sweetness with less energy and may reduce risk for dental caries. Foods containing polyols and/or no added sugars can, within food labeling guidelines, be labeled as sugar-free. NNS are those that sweeten with minimal or no carbohydrate or energy. They are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as food additives or generally recognized as safe. The Food and Drug Administration approval process includes determination of probable intake, cumulative effect from all uses, and toxicology studies in animals. Seven NNS are approved for use in the United States: acesulfame K, aspartame, luo han guo fruit extract, neotame, saccharin, stevia, and sucralose. They have different functional properties that may affect perceived taste or use in different food applications. All NNS approved for use in the United States are determined to be safe. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:739-758.