Active gels, heavy tails, and the cytoskeleton
Active gels, heavy tails, and the cytoskeleton
复制标题
活性凝胶、重尾和细胞骨架
DOI：
10.1039/d1sm00705j
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Camley, Brian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swartz, Daniel W.;Camley, Brian A.
真核细胞的细胞骨架是活性材料的典型例子：嵌入其中的物体由作用于细胞骨架的分子马达驱动，导致异常扩散行为。跟踪细胞附着物体行为的实验观察到具有非高斯分布的位移的异常扩散，具有重尾。这被归因于“细胞地震”或其他空间扩展的集体效应。我们表明，使用模拟和分析理论，一个简单的连续活性凝胶模型驱动的波动力偶极子自然产生沉重的幂律尾细胞骨架位移。我们预测，这个幂律指数应取决于力偶极子分布通过细胞的几何形状和维数，我们发现力偶极子在3D细胞骨架和准二维皮质定性不同的结果。然后，我们讨论了该模型在细胞和合成活性凝胶中的潜在应用。
The eukaryotic cell's cytoskeleton is a prototypical example of an active material: objects embedded within it are driven by molecular motors acting on the cytoskeleton, leading to anomalous diffusive behavior. Experiments tracking the behavior of cell-attached objects have observed anomalous diffusion with a distribution of displacements that is non-Gaussian, with heavy tails. This has been attributed to “cytoquakes” or other spatially extended collective effects. We show, using simulations and analytical theory, that a simple continuum active gel model driven by fluctuating force dipoles naturally creates heavy power-law tails in cytoskeletal displacements. We predict that this power law exponent should depend on the geometry and dimensionality of where force dipoles are distributed through the cell; we find qualitatively different results for force dipoles in a 3D cytoskeleton and a quasi-two-dimensional cortex. We then discuss potential applications of this model both in cells and in synthetic active gels.