ON PREDICTION AND EXPLANATION*
ON PREDICTION AND EXPLANATION*
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关于预测和解释*
DOI：
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发表时间：
1958
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
N. Rescher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Rescher
科学哲学中的分析常常强调预测和解释之间的逻辑相似性。有人说，从逻辑的角度来看，预测和解释是相同的，因为每一个都是使用推理来支持假设的一个例子，而且有人认为，它们之间的唯一区别在于预测的假设涉及未来，而解释涉及过去。例如，我们读到两者之间的区别（即预测和解释）具有实用主义特征。如果给出E[解释图式的结论]，也就是说，如果我们知道E所描述的现象已经发生……我们谈论对所讨论的现象的一种解释。如果……E是在它所描述的现象发生之前推导出来的，我们称之为预测。
ANALYSES in the philosophy of science frequently emphasise the logical similarities between prediction and explanation. It is said that prediction and explanation are identical from a logical standpoint, in that each is an instance of the use of reasoning in support of an hypothesis, and it is contended that the sole point of difference between them is that the hypothesis of a prediction concerns the future, while explanations concern the past.. We read, for example, that the difference between the two [i.e. prediction and explanation] is of a pragmatic character. If E [the conclusion of the explanatory schema] is given, i.e. if we know that the phenomenon described by E has occurred . . . we speak of an explanation of the phenomenon in question. If . . . E is derived prior to the occurrence of the phenomenon it describes, we speak of a prediction.