A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts
A 33-year follow-up of narcotics addicts
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.58.5.503
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发表时间：
2001-05-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anglin, MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hser, YI;Hoffman, V;Anglin, MD
背景资料：本研究探讨了纵向模式的海洛因使用，其他物质的使用，健康，心理健康，就业，犯罪参与，和死亡率之间的海洛因additions.Methods：样本组成的581名男性海洛因成瘾者承认的加州民事成瘾计划（CAP）在1962年至1964年，CAP是一个强制性的药物治疗计划海洛因依赖的刑事罪犯。这项33年的随访研究更新了以前从1974-1975年和1985-1986年的入院记录和2次面对面访谈中获得的信息;在1996-1997年，在最近的随访中，284人死亡，242人接受了访谈。1996-1997年，242名受访者的平均年龄为57.4岁。年龄、残疾、首次使用海洛因的年限和重度饮酒与死亡率有显著相关性。在242名受访者中，20.7%的人海洛因检测呈阳性（另外9.5%的人拒绝排尿，14.0%的人被监禁，他们无法进行尿分析），66.9%的人报告吸烟，22.1%的人每天饮酒，许多人报告使用非法药物（例如，去年海洛因使用率为40.5%;大麻，35.5%;可卡因，19.4%，快克，10.3%;安非他明，11.6%）。该小组还报告了高比例的健康问题，心理健康问题和刑事司法系统的参与。长期海洛因戒断与犯罪率，发病率，心理困扰，和较高的employees.Conclusions：虽然随着时间的推移，死亡人数稳步上升，海洛因的使用模式是非常稳定的组作为一个整体。对一些人来说，海洛因成瘾是一种与严重的健康和社会后果有关的终身疾病。
Background: This study examined longitudinal patterns of heroin use, other substance use, health, mental health, employment, criminal involvement, and mortality among heroin addicts.Methods: The sample was composed of 581 male heroin addicts admitted to the California Civil Addict Program (CAP) during the years 1962 through 1964; CAP was a compulsory drug treatment program for heroin-dependent criminal offenders. This 33-year follow-up study updates information previously obtained from admission records and 2 face-to-face interviews conducted in 1974-1975 and 1985-1986; in 1996-1997, at the latest follow-up, 284 were dead and 242 were interviewed.Results: In 1996-1997, the mean age of the 242 interviewed subjects was 57.4 years. Age, disability, years since first heroin use, and heavy alcohol use were significant correlates of mortality. Of the 242 interviewed subjects, 20.7% tested positive for heroin (with additional 9.5%;, urine refusal and 14.0% incarceration, for whom urinalyses were unavailable), 66.9% reported tobacco use, 22.1% were daily alcohol drinkers, and many reported illicit drug use (eg, past-year heroin use was 40.5%; marijuana, 35.5%; cocaine, 19.4%, crack, 10.3%; amphetamine, 11.6%). The group also reported high rates of health problems, mental health problems, and criminal justice system involvement. Long-term heroin abstinence was associated with less criminality, morbidity, psychological distress, and higher employment.Conclusions: While the number of deaths increased steadily over time, heroin use patterns were remarkably stable for the group as a whole. For some, heroin addiction has been a lifelong condition associated with severe health and social consequences.