Pyrococcus horikoshii sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough
Pyrococcus horikoshii sp. nov., a hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Okinawa Trough
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DOI：
10.1007/s007920050051
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kato, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez, JM;Masuchi, Y;Kato, C
从东北太平洋冲绳海槽喷口1395米深处的热液样品中分离到一种超嗜热厌氧古菌。该菌株是专性异养的，并利用复杂的蛋白质培养基（蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨或酵母提取物）或补充有维生素的21-氨基酸混合物作为生长基质。硫大大促进了生长。这些细胞是具有一簇鞭毛的不规则球菌，在98摄氏度（最高生长温度102摄氏度）下生长最佳，但在105摄氏度下能够延长存活时间。最适生长条件为pH 7（范围5-8）和NaCl浓度2.4%（范围1%-5%）。色氨酸是生长所必需的，与密切相关的菌株激烈热球菌和深海热球菌相反。通过透射电子显微镜观察，细胞的薄切片显示周质空间在外观上类似于P. furiosus的包膜。主要的细胞膜成分是四醚脂质，少量的二醚脂质。通过轻度渗透压休克处理细胞释放含有Zn 2+依赖性碱性磷酸酶的提取物。编码16 S rRNA和谷氨酸脱氢酶的序列的系统发育分析将该分离物确定地定位在热球菌属内，尽管存在相对低的DNA-DNA杂交（
A hyperthermophilic, anaerobic archaeon was isolated from hydrothermal fluid samples obtained at the Okinawa Trough vents in the NE Pacific Ocean, at a depth of 1395m. The strain is obligately heterotrophic, and utilizes complex proteinaceous media (peptone, tryptone, or yeast extract), or a 21-amino-acid mixture supplemented with vitamins, as growth substrates. Sulfur greatly enhances growth. The cells are irregular cocci with a tuft of flagella, growing optimally at 98 degrees C (maximum growth temperature 102 degrees C), but capable of prolonged survival at 105 degrees C. Optimum growth was at pH 7 (range 5-8) and NaCl concentration 2.4% (range 1%-5%). Tryptophan was required for growth, in contrast to the closely related strains Pyrococcus furiosus and P. abyssi. Thin sections of the cell, viewed by transmission electron microscopy, revealed a periplasmic space similar in appearance to the envelope of P. furiosus. The predominant cell membrane component was tetraether lipid, with minor amounts of diether lipids. Treatment of the cells by mild osmotic shock released an extract that contained a Zn2+-dependent alkaline phosphatase. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences encoding 16S rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase places the isolate with certainty within the genus Pyrococcus although there is relatively low DNA-DNA hybridization (