Ecology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P-lutzii and related species: infection in armadillos, soil occurrence and mycological aspects
Ecology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P-lutzii and related species: infection in armadillos, soil occurrence and mycological aspects
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DOI：
10.1093/mmy/myx142
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bagagli, Eduardo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hrycyk, Marluce Francisca;Garces, Hans Garcia;Bagagli, Eduardo
巴西副球孢子虫及其近缘种美洲副球孢子虫、雷氏副球孢子虫、委内瑞拉副球孢子虫和鲁兹副球孢子虫（子囊菌科，Ajellomycetaceae）是拉丁美洲最重要的系统性真菌病之一——副球孢子虫真菌病（paracocidoimycosis， PCM）的病原。它们是二态真菌，具有土壤中的菌丝生命周期和与哺乳动物宿主组织相关的酵母期。本研究旨在检测三个明确地理区域的犰狳组织和相关土壤样品中的副球虫，其中包括Alta Floresta，该区域不仅是巴西中部地区PCM的流行区，而且可能发生鲁氏疟原虫，其生态和地理分布尚不清楚。采用ITS-rDNA和gp43-外显子-2区测序、α -微管蛋白（tub1）基因PCR-RFLP分型；真菌学方面，如酵母到菌丝的转变，生长和分生孢子生产的土壤提取琼脂也进行了评估。我们证实，虽然犰狳高度感染巴西疟原虫，包括同一动物中不同基因型或物种（巴西疟原虫和美洲疟原虫）的多重感染，但同样的情况并不适用于鲁氏疟原虫，当在土壤相关条件下发育时，鲁氏疟原虫似乎表现出较少的菌丝生长和分生孢子生产能力。
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and the related species P. americana, P. restrepiensis, P. venezuelensis, and P. lutzii (Ascomycota, Ajellomycetaceae) are the etiological agents of paracoccidoidoimycosis (PCM), one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America. They are dimorphic fungi, with a mycelial life cycle in soil and a yeast phase associated with tissues of mammalian hosts. This study aimed to detect Paracoccidioides spp. in armadillo tissues and associated soil samples in three well-defined geographic areas, including the Alta Floresta, an area not only endemic for PCM in the central region of Brazil but also of probable P. lutzii occurrence, whose ecology and geographic distribution are poorly elucidated. The isolates were genotyped by sequencing ITS-rDNA and the gp43-exon-2 region, and by PCR-RFLP of alpha tubulin (tub1) gene; mycological aspects such as yeast-to-mycelial transition, growth and conidial production in soil extract agar were also evaluated. We confirmed that while armadillos are highly infected by P. brasiliensis, including multiple infections by distinct genotypes or species (P. brasiliensis and P. americana) in the same animal, the same does not hold true for P. lutzii, which in turn seems to present less capacity for mycelial growth and conidial production, when developing in a soil-related condition.