A magnet attached to the forehead disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory songbird.
A magnet attached to the forehead disrupts magnetic compass orientation in a migratory songbird.
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.243337
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发表时间：
2021-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Holland RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Packmor F;Kishkinev D;Bittermann F;Kofler B;Machowetz C;Zechmeister T;Zawadzki LC;Guilford T;Holland RA
对于小型鸟类的磁罗盘定向和导航性能的研究，在电磁线圈系统中使用定向笼的对照实验是最突出的方法学范式。然而，当研究较大的鸟类物种和/或自由飞行时的定向行为时，这些不适用。为此，研究人员采用了一种非常不同的方法，将小磁铁附着在鸟类身上，目的是剥夺它们获得有意义的磁性信息的机会。不幸的是，使用这种方法的研究结果似乎相当不一致。由于这些是基于自由飞行条件下的鸟类实验，通常不允许排除其他潜在的方向线索，这种方法的整体效果的评估是很难进行的。在这里，我们直接测试了小磁铁暂时中断磁罗盘方向在小候鸟在受控实验条件下使用定向笼的效果。我们发现，鸟类有机会获得地球的磁场作为他们唯一的方向线索，显示出一般的方向，对他们的季节性适当的迁徙方向。在这种情况下，当它们的前额上带着磁铁时，同样的鸟会迷失方向。然而，在允许鸟类获得其他（即天体）方向线索的变化条件下，它们携带的磁铁的任何破坏性影响似乎都被掩盖了。我们的研究结果提供了明确的证据，磁铁的方法暂时扰乱鸟类的磁罗盘方向的有效性，但也揭示了其在自由飞行条件下的实验应用的局限性。总结：在一个小的迁徙鸣禽定向测试提供了明确的证据，暂时中断磁罗盘方向的磁铁方法的有效性，但也揭示了其在自由飞行条件下的实验的局限性。
For studies on magnetic compass orientation and navigation performance in small bird species, controlled experiments with orientation cages inside an electromagnetic coil system are the most prominent methodological paradigm. These are, however, not applicable when studying larger bird species and/or orientation behaviour during free flight. For this, researchers have followed a very different approach, attaching small magnets to birds, with the intention of depriving them of access to meaningful magnetic information. Unfortunately, results from studies using this approach appear rather inconsistent. As these are based on experiments with birds under free-flight conditions, which usually do not allow exclusion of other potential orientation cues, an assessment of the overall efficacy of this approach is difficult to conduct. Here, we directly tested the efficacy of small magnets for temporarily disrupting magnetic compass orientation in small migratory songbirds using orientation cages under controlled experimental conditions. We found that birds which have access to the Earth's magnetic field as their sole orientation cue show a general orientation towards their seasonally appropriate migratory direction. When carrying magnets on their forehead under these conditions, the same birds become disoriented. However, under changed conditions that allow birds access to other (i.e. celestial) orientation cues, any disruptive effect of the magnets they carry appears obscured. Our results provide clear evidence for the efficacy of the magnet approach for temporarily disrupting magnetic compass orientation in birds, but also reveal its limitations for application in experiments under free-flight conditions. Summary: Orientation tests in a small migratory songbird provide clear evidence for the efficacy of the magnet approach for temporarily disrupting magnetic compass orientation, but also reveal its limitations in experiments under free-flight conditions.
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