The Impact-Cratering Process
The Impact-Cratering Process
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DOI：
10.2113/gselements.8.1.25
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Osinski, Gordon R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Collins, Gareth S.;Melosh, H. Jay;Osinski, Gordon R.
撞击坑是一种重要而独特的地质作用。所涉及的高速度、力和温度与传统的内生过程完全不同，环境后果可能是灾难性的。千米级的陨石坑在几分钟内就被挖掘出来并坍塌，在某些情况下，碎片散布在地球仪周围，并挖掘出深埋的地层。在这个过程中，岩石以独特的方式变形，破碎，加热和转变。地壳的高温可能持续数千年，撞击羽流的极端环境促进了重要的化学反应。释放的气体可能会对气候造成长期的扰动，与撞击有关的磷减少可能在地球生命的起源中发挥了作用。
Impact cratering is an important and unique geologic process. The high speeds, forces and temperatures involved are quite unlike conventional endogenic processes, and the environmental consequences can be catastrophic. Kilometre-scale craters are excavated and collapse in minutes, in some cases distributing debris around the globe and exhuming deeply buried strata. In the process, rocks are deformed, broken, heated and transformed in unique ways. Elevated temperatures in the crust may persist for millennia, and important chemical reactions are promoted by the extreme environment of the impact plume. Released gases may cause long-term perturbations to the climate, and impact-related phosphorus reduction may have played a role in the origin of life on Earth.